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@ARTICLE{Javaux:51767,
      author       = {Javaux, M. and Kasteel, R. and Vanderborght, J. and
                      Vanclooster, M.},
      title        = {{T}hree-{D}imensional {M}odeling of the {S}cale- and {F}low
                      {R}ate-{D}ependency of {D}ispersion in a {H}eterogeneous
                      {U}nsaturated {S}andy {M}onolith},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {5},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Madison, Wis.},
      publisher    = {SSSA},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-51767},
      pages        = {515 - 528},
      year         = {2006},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Spatial heterogeneity in soil hydraulic properties strongly
                      affects solute transport. However, the level of precision
                      needed in the description of spatial variability to properly
                      reproduce the solute mixing regime is still an open
                      question. We investigated this problem by analyzing observed
                      inert solute transport using three-dimensional simulations
                      with different levels of complexity in the material
                      description. The scale- and flow-dependency of the
                      dispersivity was first characterized from a series of
                      leaching experiments during unsaturated steady-state flow in
                      a heterogeneous sandy monolith. The structure and hydraulic
                      property variability within the monolith was investigated as
                      well by means of an exhaustive survey of the monolith, and
                      by intensive soil core sampling allowing for hydraulic
                      characterization. In this study, three three-dimensional
                      models are constructed, involving several levels of
                      complexity. In Case I, only the macrostructure variability
                      is represented. In Case II, scaling factors encoding the
                      spatial variability in the hydraulic properties of the sandy
                      matrix are implemented. In Case III, an anisotropy factor
                      for hydraulic conductivity is added to the macrostructure
                      and the microheterogeneity of the sand matrix. Results show
                      that microheterogeneity is needed to reproduce qualitatively
                      the scale- and flow rate-dependency of the transport
                      parameters. Despite the elaborate effort devoted to the
                      structure characterization, no model was fully capable of
                      reproducing observed solute transport in the monolith and at
                      the outlet.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-IV},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB50},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences / Soil Science / Water Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000237916500001},
      doi          = {10.2136/vzj2005.0056},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/51767},
}