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000051782 1001_ $$0P:(DE-Juel1)129125$$aHoffmann, Lars$$b0$$eCorresponding author$$uFZJ
000051782 245__ $$aSchnelle Spurengasretrieval für das Satellitenexperiment Envisat MIPAS
000051782 260__ $$aJülich$$bForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag$$c2006
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000051782 4900_ $$0PERI:(DE-600)2414853-2$$824771$$aBerichte des Forschungszentrums Jülich$$v4207$$x0944-2952
000051782 502__ $$aWuppertal, Univ., Diss., 2006$$bDr. (Univ.)$$cUniv. Wuppertal$$d2006
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000051782 520__ $$aRemote sensing measurements are most important to understand the complicated dynamical and chemical processes occurring in the Earth's atmosphere. Only the measurements made by space-borne experiments can give a continuous and global overview of the atmospheric state. Most exact and comprehensive measurements made by such experiments are necessary to validate and improve atmospheric models which combine the knowledge on numerous mechanisms in the atmosphere. Since March 2002 the instrument MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) is operating aboard Envisat, which is the largest and most ambitious satellite ever built by the European Space Agency. MIPAS measures the thermal emissions of atmospheric constituents like trace gases, aerosols and clouds arising from the atmospheric limb. Within the retrieval process geophysical parameters like pressure, temperature, and trace gas concentrations are derived from these measurements. A special feature of MIPAS is its high spectral resolution which allows to gather information on a large number of atmospheric trace species. The analysis of remote sensing measurements made by satellite experiments is an extensive task as time-consuming radiative transfer calculations and substantial amounts of data are typically involved. Envisat MIPAS provides 300 megabyte of measurement data during a single orbit. For future experiments, e. g. the GLORIA instrument (Global Limb Radiance Imager for the Atmosphere) recently proposed by the research centers Juelich and Karlsruhe, the amount of data may even increase by several orders of magnitude. A very important component in the analysis of atmospheric remote sensing measurements is the forward model. It is used to simulate the measurements of an instrument for a given atmospheric state. The rapid and flexible forward model JURASSIC (Juelich Rapid Spectral Simulation Code) was developed as part of this thesis. An innovative retrieval processor was created based on JURASSIC that allows for the analysis of current satellite measurements, as e. g. made by Envisat MIPAS, but is also suited to be a basic module in the analysis of future experiments. The description of structure and possible applications of JURASSIC and the retrieval system are a principal topic of this thesis. The JURASSIC retrieval system has been applied to derive the global distribution of the chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 and CFC-12 from Envisat MIPAS measurements. These trace species are not part of the ESA operational retrieval at all. Scientific retrievals carried out by other working groups cover only rather limited sets of CFC-11 and CFC-12 data. Here, in contrast, the full measurement period from July 2002 to March 2004 is analyzed comprehensively. This could only be done, since the JURASSIC retrieval system allows for a very rapid processing of all these measurements. The derived CFC-11 and CFC-12 data are compared to external MIPAS retrievals and successfully validated using independent measurements. Hence, they are suited for further scientific analysis. Being long-lived trace species, CFC-11 and CFC-12 are most useful for dynamical studies in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region. Zonal means and variances of these species have been analyzed. They are mainly influenced by the residual mean circulation of the stratosphere and the activity of planetary waves. MIPAS measurements are most useful as they allow to study the seasonal behavior of these processes. In addition, the derived CFC-11 and CFC-12 distributions are ideally suited to investigate strongly disturbed dynamical situations. An example is the antarctic major warming in September 2002, which led to a split of the antarctic polar vortex. Such an event has never been observed before. CFC-11 and CFC-12 measurements during this period compare well to simulations made by the atmospheric model CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere), which allows to study the processes occurring in such events in great detail.
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