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@ARTICLE{Javaux:52097,
      author       = {Javaux, M. and Vanclooster, M.},
      title        = {{S}cale-dependency of the hydraulic properties of a
                      variably saturated heterogeneous sandy subsoil},
      journal      = {Journal of hydrology},
      volume       = {327},
      issn         = {0022-1694},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-52097},
      pages        = {376 - 388},
      year         = {2006},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {The effective hydraulic behaviour of heterogeneous sand was
                      experimentally investigated at two scales under transient
                      flow upper boundary conditions. At the monoliths-scale,
                      one-dimensional inverse modelling was performed from a
                      transient infiltration experiment by implementing in the
                      objective function the outflow and pressure head time series
                      at four depths. Notwithstanding the important heterogeneity
                      of the subsoil, principally due to the presence of
                      discontinuous clay and a stone layer, we observed that the
                      effective behaviour was surprisingly well reproduced. It was
                      also observed that the structural features mainly induced a
                      kind of hysteresis between the saturation and drainage
                      cycles of the outflow time series. Subsequently, 104 Kopecky
                      cores (100 cm(3)) were sub-sampled throughout the monolith,
                      mainly in the sandy matrix. The variability of local
                      hydraulic parameters was investigated by optimising the
                      local hydraulic parameters from mufti-step outflow
                      experiments and measured retention points. The comparison
                      between 1-D optimised, measured and Kopecky-averaged
                      retention curves showed relatively similar shape near
                      saturation. In contrast to this, important discrepancies
                      existed between averaged local scale hydraulic conductivity
                      and effective hydraulic conductivity close to saturation.
                      Different experimental designs at different scales may
                      explain the observed discrepancies. It is further suggested
                      that the monolith-scale effective hydraulic functions are
                      more representative for wet soil conditions. This case study
                      illustrates the complexity of finding validated scaling
                      relationships for the hydraulic properties of heterogeneous
                      soils at scales larger than the usual small column scale.
                      (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-IV},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB50},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Engineering, Civil / Geosciences, Multidisciplinary / Water
                      Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000239870900008},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.11.040},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/52097},
}