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@ARTICLE{Zielezny:52639,
      author       = {Zielezny, Y. and Groeneweg, J. and Vereecken, H. and Tappe,
                      W.},
      title        = {{I}mpact of sulfadiazine and chlorotetracycline on soil
                      bacterial community structure and respiratory activity},
      journal      = {Soil biology $\&$ biochemistry},
      volume       = {38},
      issn         = {0038-0717},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-52639},
      pages        = {2372 - 2380},
      year         = {2006},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Veterinary medicines enter agricultural soils by the use of
                      animal excrements as fertilizers. To study their impact on
                      soil bacterial communities, microcosms containing orthic
                      luvisol soil were spiked with the antimicrobial agents
                      sulfadiazine (SDZ) and chloro tetracycline (CTC) at three
                      different concentrations (1, 10, 50 mg kg(-1) soil) and
                      incubated for 48 days at 20 degrees C. The impact on the
                      microbial respiratory activity was measured continuously in
                      a respirometer (Sapromat). Changes in bacterial community
                      structure were visualized by means of PCR-denaturing
                      gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rDNA derived from
                      soil samples after 1, 7, 11 and 48 days. Additionally,
                      growth inhibitory effects of SDZ and CTC on bacteria
                      previously isolated from the same soil were tested in agar
                      diffusion tests. In microcosms with soil and antibiotics
                      only, no effects could be observed, either on respiratory
                      activity or on bacterial population structure. Therefore,
                      further incubations were conducted in the presence of an
                      additional assimilable carbon source (5 g glucose kg(-1)
                      soil). In the presence of glucose, SDZ affected soil
                      respiration as well as the bacterial community structure:
                      Additional bands appeared and some bands already visible at
                      the beginning of incubations increased in intensity. A clear
                      relationship between SDZ concentrations and changes in DGGE
                      patterns became visible. During 48 days of incubation,
                      changes in DGGE patterns were minimal in microcosms with 50
                      mg SDZ kg(-1) soil indicating an inhibition of strains,
                      which were capable of growing on glucose in the presence of
                      lower SDZ concentrations. Only a few soil bacterial isolates
                      (5 out of 47 strains tested) were weakly inhibited by SDZ in
                      agar diffusion disk tests. Contrastingly, CTC inhibited
                      growth of 12 soil bacterial isolates significantly in disk
                      tests, but no effects on soil respiration and bacterial
                      community structure could be observed. In the presence of
                      the soil matrix the growth inhibitory potential of CTC
                      decreased due to adsorption or complexation. This was
                      confirmed in growth inhibition experiments with soil
                      suspensions and time-dependent sampling. (c) 2006 Elsevier
                      Ltd. All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-IV / JARA-ENERGY},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB50 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Soil Science},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000240183900038},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.031},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/52639},
}