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@ARTICLE{Ramachandran:52667,
      author       = {Ramachandran, K. and Marqués, J.-L. and Vaßen, R. and
                      Stöver, D.},
      title        = {{M}odelling of arc behaviour inside a {F}4 {APS} torch},
      journal      = {Journal of physics / D},
      volume       = {39},
      issn         = {0022-3727},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publ.},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-52667},
      pages        = {3323 - 3331},
      year         = {2006},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {The plasma arc inside the F4 torch used for atmospheric
                      plasma spraying is characterized by means of analytical and
                      numerical methods. A simplified analytical model is
                      formulated to understand the physical behaviour of the
                      plasma arc. A three-dimensional numerical model is developed
                      to simulate the realistic plasma arc flow inside the torch.
                      At a given torch power and gas flow rate, possible
                      combinations of the arc core radius and arc length are
                      predicted. The thermodynamic principle of minimum entropy
                      production is used to determine the combination of arc core
                      radius and arc length, which corresponds to the actual
                      physical situation of the arc inside the torch. The effect
                      of arc current and gas flow rate on the plasma arc
                      characteristics is clarified. The effect of hydrogen content
                      in the plasma gas on its velocity and temperature profiles
                      at the nozzle exit is shown. Predicted torch efficiencies
                      are comparable to measured ones. The results of the
                      numerical model are similar to that an analytical model.
                      Previously published experimental and numerical results
                      support part of the present results.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IWV-1 / JARA-ENERGY},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB5 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {Rationelle Energieumwandlung},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK402},
      shelfmark    = {Physics, Applied},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000239578800029},
      doi          = {10.1088/0022-3727/39/15/015},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/52667},
}