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@ARTICLE{Lambot:52911,
      author       = {Lambot, S. and Antoine, M. and Vanclooster, M. and Slob, E.
                      C.},
      title        = {{E}ffect of soil roughness on the inversion of off-ground
                      monostatic {GPR} signal for noninvasive quantification of
                      soil properties},
      journal      = {Water resources research},
      volume       = {42},
      issn         = {0043-1397},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {AGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-52911},
      pages        = {W03403},
      year         = {2006},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {[1] We report on a laboratory experiment that investigates
                      the effect of soil surface roughness on the identification
                      of the soil electromagnetic properties from full-wave
                      inversion of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data in the
                      frequency domain. The GPR system consists of an ultrawide
                      band stepped-frequency continuous-wave radar combined with
                      an off-ground monostatic horn antenna. Radar measurements
                      were performed above a rectangular container filled with a
                      loose sandy soil subject to seven water contents and four
                      random surface roughnesses, including a smooth surface as
                      reference. Compared to previous studies, we have reduced the
                      modeling error of the GPR signal for the smooth surface case
                      thanks to improved antenna transfer functions by solving an
                      overdetermined system of equations based on six model
                      configurations instead of only three. Then, the continuously
                      increasing effect of surface roughness on the radar signal
                      with respect to frequency is clearly observed. In close
                      accordance with Rayleigh's criterion, both the radar signal
                      and the inversely estimated parameters are not significantly
                      affected if the surface protuberances are smaller than one
                      eighth of a wavelength. In addition, when this criterion is
                      not respected, errors are made in the estimated parameters,
                      but the inverse solution remains stable. This demonstrates
                      the promising perspectives for application of GPR for
                      noninvasive water content estimation in agricultural and
                      environmental field applications.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-IV},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB50},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences / Limnology / Water Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000236272800004},
      doi          = {10.1029/2005WR004416},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/52911},
}