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@ARTICLE{Konopka:52913,
      author       = {Konopka, V. E. and Engel, A. and Funke, B. and Müller, R.
                      and Grooß, J.-U. and Günther, G. and Wetter, T. and
                      Stiller, G. P. and von Clarmann, T. and Glatthor, N. and
                      Oelhaf, H. and Wetzel, G. and Lopez-Puertas, M. and Pirre,
                      M. and Huret, N. and Riese, M.},
      title        = {{O}zone loss driven by nitrogen oxides and triggered by
                      stratospheric warmings can outweigh the effect of halogens},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {112},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-52913},
      pages        = {D05105},
      year         = {2007},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Ozone loss in the lower and middle stratosphere in spring
                      and summer, in particular over polar regions, is driven
                      mainly by halogens and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Whereas the
                      stratospheric chlorine levels are expected to decrease in
                      the future, the role of NOx for the O-3 budget in a changing
                      climate is not well quantified. Here we combine satellite
                      measurements and model simulations to diagnose the
                      accumulated O-3 loss during winter and spring 2002-2003 in
                      the Arctic polar stratosphere. We show that in a winter
                      stratosphere strongly disturbed by warmings, O-3 loss
                      processes driven by halogens and NOx can significantly
                      overlap within the polar column and become comparable in
                      magnitude even if a significant, halogen- induced O-3 loss
                      has occurred. Whereas, until the beginning of March 2003,
                      polar column O-3 loss was mainly caused by the halogen
                      chemistry within the vortex at an altitude around 18 km, the
                      chemical O3 destruction in March and April was dominated by
                      the NOx chemistry in O3-rich air masses transported from the
                      subtropics and mixed with the polar air above the region
                      affected by the halogens. This NOx-related O-3 loss started
                      around mid-December 2002 in subtropical air masses above 30
                      km that moved poleward after the major warming in January,
                      descended to 22 km with an increasing magnitude of O-3 loss
                      and reached surprisingly high values of up to $50\%$ local
                      loss around the end of April. To some extent, the NOx-driven
                      O-3 loss was enhanced by mesospheric air trapped in the
                      vortex at the beginning of the winter as a layer of few km
                      in the vertical and transported downward within the vortex.
                      The effect of NOx transported from the subtropics dominated
                      the O-3 loss processes in the polar stratosphere in spring
                      2003, both relative to the effect of the halogens and
                      relative to the contribution of the mesospheric NOx sources.
                      A comparison with the 1999/2000 Arctic winter and with the
                      Antarctic vortex split event in 2002 shows that wave events
                      triggered by stratospheric warmings may significantly
                      enhance O3 loss driven by NOx when O-3- and NOx- rich air
                      masses from the subtropics are transported poleward and are
                      mixed with the vortex air.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1 / JARA-SIM},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790 / I:(DE-Juel1)VDB1045},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000244708200002},
      doi          = {10.1029/2006JD007064},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/52913},
}