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@PHDTHESIS{Mennicken:53875,
      author       = {Mennicken, Guido},
      title        = {{A}nalysis of the adsorption kinetics of pyrene to soil
                      using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy ({LIF})},
      volume       = {4178},
      issn         = {0944-2952},
      school       = {Techn. Hochsch. Aachen},
      type         = {Dr. (FH)},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-53875, Juel-4178},
      series       = {Berichte des Forschungszentrums Jülich},
      pages        = {125 p.},
      year         = {2005},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012; Aachen, Techn.
                      Hochsch., Diss., 2005},
      abstract     = {The main objective of this work was to contribute to the
                      development of an in-situ analytical method for polycyclic
                      aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH´s) in soils. Beside natural
                      sources like forest fires, PAH´s result from any incomplete
                      combustion of organic material. Man-made sources come from
                      heating systems, industrial power generators, diesel engines
                      or gaswork sites (Dabestani and Ivanov 1999). For that
                      reason, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
                      indicates 16 PAH´s as priority pollutants (see appendix 1).
                      The background level for PAH´s in soils of Europe and
                      North-America varies between 50 μg/kg and 500 μg/kg soil
                      (Maxin and Kögel-Knabner 1995). Because pyrene is widely
                      prevalent as a soil contaminant and only little information
                      is available about its sorption kinetics to soils (Hwang et
                      al. 2003), pyrene was chosen as a model compound for PAH´s
                      in this work. The classic way to analyse the adsorption
                      characteristics of compounds to soil are batch experiments.
                      They are easy to handle and useful for sorption equilibrium
                      studies. One aim of this work was to follow the adsorption
                      kinetics of pyrene to soil components. In this case batch
                      studies are not the ideal instrument. Maxin and
                      Kögel-Knabner (1995) reported, that the adsorption of
                      PAH´s to water soluble soil components is completed within
                      15 min and therefore it is difficult to analyse it by batch
                      experiments due to the time-consuming phase separation.
                      Additionally many authors emphasise the advantages of
                      procedures without a separation step for the adsorption
                      analysis (Belardi, Pawliszyn 1989, Ohlenbusch et al. 2000).
                      Aiken and Leenheer (1993) point out, that centrifugation and
                      filtration processes lead to a concentration of the sample
                      and therefore the quantity and quality of the interactions
                      between the components and the sample might be changed. In
                      this context, we intended to show the potentials and
                      limitations of the laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy
                      (LIF) as an in-situ, real-time method for the analysis of
                      adsorption kinetics in soil. Until now, laser applications
                      in the pedosphere and in aquifer systems are scarce. Recent
                      investigations of petroleum products in soils have shown
                      that a quantitative determination of oil contaminations on
                      soil surfaces is possible with LIF spectroscopy (Schade and
                      Bublitz 1996, Löhmannsröben and Roch 1997). These
                      measurements were carried out on the soil surface or through
                      the glass wall of soil columns. In combination with
                      measurements in a flow-through cell at the column outlet,
                      the breakthrough of free pyrene can be observed (Baumann et
                      al. 2000).[...]},
      cin          = {ICG-IV},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB50},
      pnm          = {Chemie und Dynamik der Geo-Biosphäre},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK257},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/53875},
}