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@ARTICLE{Cammas:5445,
author = {Cammas, J. P. and Brioude, J. and Chaboureau, J.-P. and
Duron, J. and Mari, C. and Mascart, P. and Nedelec, P. and
Smit, H. and Pätz, H.-W. and Volz-Thomas, A. and Stohl, A.
and Fromm, M.},
title = {{I}njection in the lower stratosphere of biomass fire
emissions followed by long-range transport: a {MOZAIC} case
study},
journal = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
volume = {9},
issn = {1680-7316},
address = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
publisher = {EGU},
reportid = {PreJuSER-5445},
pages = {5829 - 5846},
year = {2009},
note = {The authors acknowledge for their strong support the
European Communities, EADS, Airbus and the airlines
(Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry free of charge
the MOZAIC equipment and perform the maintenance since 1994.
MOZAIC is presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France),
Meteo-France, and Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany).
The MOZAIC data based is supported by ETHER (CNES and
INSU-CNRS). We acknowledge E. Eloranta at the University of
Wisconsin lidar group for providing lidar free-access images
and O. Cooper (NOAA, Boulder, USA) for the set up of the web
pages of the FLEXPART simulations for the ICARTT experiment.
Computer resources for the Meso-NH simulations were
allocated by IDRIS (projects 005, 569, and 1076). GOES-10
observations come from by SATMOS (CNRS/Meteo-France) and SAA
(NOAA).},
abstract = {This paper analyses a stratospheric injection by deep
convection of biomass fire emissions over North America
(Alaska, Yukon and Northwest Territories) on 24 June 2004
and its long-range transport over the eastern coast of the
United States and the eastern Atlantic. The case study is
based on airborne MOZAIC observations of ozone, carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides and water vapour during the
crossing of the southernmost tip of an upper level trough
over the Eastern Atlantic on 30 June and on a vertical
profile over Washington DC on 30 June, and on lidar
observations of aerosol backscattering at Madison
(University of Wisconsin) on 28 June. Attribution of the
observed CO plumes to the boreal fires is achieved by
backward simulations with a Lagrangian particle dispersion
model (FLEXPART). A simulation with the Meso-NH model for
the source region shows that a boundary layer tracer,
mimicking the boreal forest fire smoke, is lofted into the
lowermost stratosphere (2-5 pvu layer) during the diurnal
convective cycle at isentropic levels (above 335 K)
corresponding to those of the downstream MOZAIC
observations. It is shown that the order of magnitude of the
time needed by the parameterized convective detrainment flux
to fill the volume of a model mesh (20 km horizontal, 500 m
vertical) above the tropopause with pure boundary layer air
would be about 7.5 h, i.e. a time period compatible with the
convective diurnal cycle. Over the area of interest, the
maximum instantaneous detrainment fluxes deposited about 15
to $20\%$ of the initial boundary layer tracer concentration
at 335 K. According to the 275-ppbv carbon monoxide maximum
mixing ratio observed by MOZAIC over Eastern Atlantic, such
detrainment fluxes would be associated with a 1.4-1.8 ppmv
carbon monoxide mixing ratio in the boundary layer over the
source region.},
keywords = {J (WoSType)},
cin = {ICG-2},
ddc = {550},
cid = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
pnm = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
pid = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
shelfmark = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
typ = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
UT = {WOS:000268876600025},
url = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/5445},
}