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@ARTICLE{Cammas:5445,
      author       = {Cammas, J. P. and Brioude, J. and Chaboureau, J.-P. and
                      Duron, J. and Mari, C. and Mascart, P. and Nedelec, P. and
                      Smit, H. and Pätz, H.-W. and Volz-Thomas, A. and Stohl, A.
                      and Fromm, M.},
      title        = {{I}njection in the lower stratosphere of biomass fire
                      emissions followed by long-range transport: a {MOZAIC} case
                      study},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {9},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-5445},
      pages        = {5829 - 5846},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {The authors acknowledge for their strong support the
                      European Communities, EADS, Airbus and the airlines
                      (Lufthansa, Austrian, Air France) who carry free of charge
                      the MOZAIC equipment and perform the maintenance since 1994.
                      MOZAIC is presently funded by INSU-CNRS (France),
                      Meteo-France, and Forschungszentrum (FZJ, Julich, Germany).
                      The MOZAIC data based is supported by ETHER (CNES and
                      INSU-CNRS). We acknowledge E. Eloranta at the University of
                      Wisconsin lidar group for providing lidar free-access images
                      and O. Cooper (NOAA, Boulder, USA) for the set up of the web
                      pages of the FLEXPART simulations for the ICARTT experiment.
                      Computer resources for the Meso-NH simulations were
                      allocated by IDRIS (projects 005, 569, and 1076). GOES-10
                      observations come from by SATMOS (CNRS/Meteo-France) and SAA
                      (NOAA).},
      abstract     = {This paper analyses a stratospheric injection by deep
                      convection of biomass fire emissions over North America
                      (Alaska, Yukon and Northwest Territories) on 24 June 2004
                      and its long-range transport over the eastern coast of the
                      United States and the eastern Atlantic. The case study is
                      based on airborne MOZAIC observations of ozone, carbon
                      monoxide, nitrogen oxides and water vapour during the
                      crossing of the southernmost tip of an upper level trough
                      over the Eastern Atlantic on 30 June and on a vertical
                      profile over Washington DC on 30 June, and on lidar
                      observations of aerosol backscattering at Madison
                      (University of Wisconsin) on 28 June. Attribution of the
                      observed CO plumes to the boreal fires is achieved by
                      backward simulations with a Lagrangian particle dispersion
                      model (FLEXPART). A simulation with the Meso-NH model for
                      the source region shows that a boundary layer tracer,
                      mimicking the boreal forest fire smoke, is lofted into the
                      lowermost stratosphere (2-5 pvu layer) during the diurnal
                      convective cycle at isentropic levels (above 335 K)
                      corresponding to those of the downstream MOZAIC
                      observations. It is shown that the order of magnitude of the
                      time needed by the parameterized convective detrainment flux
                      to fill the volume of a model mesh (20 km horizontal, 500 m
                      vertical) above the tropopause with pure boundary layer air
                      would be about 7.5 h, i.e. a time period compatible with the
                      convective diurnal cycle. Over the area of interest, the
                      maximum instantaneous detrainment fluxes deposited about 15
                      to $20\%$ of the initial boundary layer tracer concentration
                      at 335 K. According to the 275-ppbv carbon monoxide maximum
                      mixing ratio observed by MOZAIC over Eastern Atlantic, such
                      detrainment fluxes would be associated with a 1.4-1.8 ppmv
                      carbon monoxide mixing ratio in the boundary layer over the
                      source region.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000268876600025},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/5445},
}