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@ARTICLE{Tilmes:54558,
      author       = {Tilmes, S. and Kinnison, D. E. and Müller, R. and Sassi,
                      F. and Marsh, D. R. and Boville, B. A. and Garcia, R. R.},
      title        = {{E}valuation of heterogeneous processes in the polar lower
                      stratosphere in {WACCM}3},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {112},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-54558},
      pages        = {D24301},
      year         = {2007},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Chemical ozone loss in the polar lower stratosphere is
                      derived from an ensemble of three simulations from the Whole
                      Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM3) for the period
                      1960-2003, using the tracer-tracer correlation technique. We
                      describe a detailed model evaluation of the polar region by
                      applying diagnostics such as vortex temperature, sharpness
                      of the vortex edge, and the potential of activated chlorine
                      (PAC1). Meteorological and chemical information about the
                      polar vortex, temperature, vortex size, and activation time,
                      and level of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine,
                      are included in PAC1. Discrepancies of the relationship
                      between chemical ozone loss and PAC1 between model and
                      observations are discussed. Simulated PAC1 for Antarctica is
                      in good agreement with observations, owing to slightly lower
                      simulated temperatures and a larger vortex volume than
                      observed. Observed chemical ozone loss of 140 +/- 30 DU in
                      the Antarctic vortex core are reproduced by the WACCM3
                      simulations. However, WACCM3 with the horizontal resolution
                      used here (4 x 5) is not able to simulate the observed sharp
                      transport barrier at the polar vortex edge. Therefore the
                      model does not produce an homogeneous cold polar vortex.
                      Warmer temperatures in the outer region of the vortex result
                      in less chemical ozone loss over the entire polar vortex
                      than observed. For the Arctic, WACCM3 temperatures are
                      biased high (by 2-3 degrees in the annual average) and the
                      vortex volume and chlorine activation period is
                      significantly smaller than observed. WACCM3 Arctic chemical
                      ozone loss only reaches 20 DU for cold winters, where
                      observations suggest approximate to 80-120 DU.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000251878700001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2006JD008334},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/54558},
}