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@ARTICLE{Kasteel:5525,
      author       = {Kasteel, R. and Pütz, T. and Vanderborght, J. and
                      Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{S}olute {S}preading under {T}ransient {C}onditions in a
                      {F}ield {S}oil},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {8},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Madison, Wis.},
      publisher    = {SSSA},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-5525},
      pages        = {690 - 702},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {This study was carried out in cooperation with the
                      Agricultural Center Monheim, Bayer CropScience, Monheim,
                      Germany. We would like to thank Drs. B. Brumhard, K. Scholz,
                      H. Schafer, and A. Stork of Bayer CropScience for fruitful
                      discussions during this project. We are also grateful to
                      Drs. A. Wustemeyer and R. Kaiser from the former Institute
                      of Radioagronomy: ICG-5 at Forschungszentrum Julich for
                      designing and carrying out the experimental field work.},
      abstract     = {Lateral mass redistribution in soils is the key to
                      understanding field-scale solute transport, but the
                      underlying assumptions of common transport theories are
                      violated under transient-flow conditions. We tested the
                      applicability of two limiting cases for solute spreading
                      under transient-flow conditions in the field after an
                      appropriate time coordinate transformation: no lateral mass
                      redistribution, described by the convective-lognormal
                      transfer function (CLT), vs. perfect lateral mass
                      redistribution, described by the convection-dispersion
                      equation (CDE). A Br- transport experiment performed in six
                      zero-tension lysimeters and in the field for almost 3 yr
                      under atmospheric conditions. Sampling the field was
                      performed by extracting soil cores during seven campaigns.
                      According to time-domain reflectometry only slight
                      variations in water content were measured in space and time
                      in the lysimeters. In contrast, water was lower and more
                      variable in the plow layer in the field. The variance of
                      solute spreading was better predicted by the CDE assuming
                      perfect lateral mass redistribution. This hints at the
                      importance of molecular diffusion. Both have the flexibility
                      to fit the flux-averaged breakthrough curve in the
                      lysimeters and the averaged concentration profiles in the
                      field, but not with one set of parameters. The CLT
                      parameters obtained from the lysimeter experiment better
                      predicted the measured concentration profiles in the field
                      for shorter times, but both models failed for longer Due to
                      the occurrence of local saturation at the lower boundary of
                      zero-potential lysimeters, differences in water hamper the
                      transferability of transport parameters from lysimeters to
                      the field.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4 / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793 / $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences / Soil Science / Water Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000268871900016},
      doi          = {10.2136/vzj2008.0024},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/5525},
}