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@ARTICLE{Kstel:5530,
      author       = {Köstel, J. and Vanderborght, J. and Javaux, M. and Kemna,
                      A. and Binley, A. and Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{N}oninvasive 3-{D} {T}ransport {C}haracterization in a
                      {S}andy {S}oil {U}sing {ERT}: 2. {T}ransport {P}rocess
                      {I}nference},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {8},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Madison, Wis.},
      publisher    = {SSSA},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-5530},
      pages        = {723 - 734},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {In this study, we examined four tracer displacement
                      experiments in a large undisturbed soil column under
                      unsaturated steady-state conditions. Using electrical
                      resistivity tomography (ERT), we were able to investigate
                      the corresponding solute transport processes in
                      unprecedented three-dimensional (3-D) spatiotemporally
                      resolved detail. In addition, time-domain reflectometry
                      (TDR) probes and tensiometers provided hydrologic state
                      variables relevant to transport. One important result from
                      the study is that despite considerable differences between
                      soil hydrologic variables of the low- and high-flux
                      experiments, the 3-D-resolved transport patterns remained
                      approximately and were aligned to a structural feature in
                      the topsoil. Furthermore, the ERT image data indicated that
                      the front evolutions were influenced by spatiotemporal
                      heterogeneities of the irrigation system. Another result is
                      the column-scale mixing regime was found to be
                      convective-dispersive, although the transport process
                      exhibited heterogeneities at smaller scales. We introduced
                      an upscaling approach that allowed us to predict the scale
                      apparent dispersivity on the basis of the
                      convection-dispersion equation parameters at the scale of
                      the voxels. The approach proved to be useful to evaluate at
                      which scale the apparent dispersivity was generated. We the
                      investigation of the relationship between apparent
                      dispersivity and lateral scale as a promising tool for
                      solute transport in future studies.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences / Soil Science / Water Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000268871900019},
      doi          = {10.2136/vzj2008.0154},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/5530},
}