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@ARTICLE{Vereecken:55663,
      author       = {Vereecken, H. and Kasteel, R. and Vanderborght, J. and
                      Harter, J.},
      title        = {{U}pscaling {H}ydraulic {P}roperties and {S}oil {W}ater
                      {F}low {P}rocesses in {H}eterogeneous {S}oils: {A} {R}eview},
      journal      = {Vadose zone journal},
      volume       = {6},
      issn         = {1539-1663},
      address      = {Madison, Wis.},
      publisher    = {SSSA},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-55663},
      pages        = {1 - 28},
      year         = {2007},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {This review covers, in a comprehensive manner, the
                      approaches available in the literature to upscale soil water
                      processes and hydraulic parameters in the vadose zone. We
                      distinguish two categories of upscaling methods: forward
                      approaches requiring information about the spatial
                      distribution of hydraulic parameters at a small scale, and
                      inverse modeling approaches requiring information about the
                      spatial and temporal variation of state variables at various
                      scales, including so-called "soft data". Geostatistical and
                      scaling approaches are crucial to upscale soil water
                      processes and to derive large-scale effective fluxes and
                      parameters from small-scale information. Upscaling
                      approaches include stochastic perturbation methods, the
                      scaleway approach, the stream-tube approach, the aggregation
                      concept, inverse modeling approaches, and data fusion. With
                      all upscaling methods, the estimated effective parameters
                      depend not only on the properties of the heterogeneous flow
                      field but also on boundary conditions. The use of the
                      Richards equation at the field and watershed scale is based
                      more on pragmatism than on a sound physical basis. There are
                      practically no data sets presently available that provide
                      sufficient information to extensively validate existing
                      upscaling approaches. Use of numerical case studies has
                      therefore been most common. More recently and still under
                      development, hydrogeophysical methods combined with
                      ground-based remote sensing techniques promise significant
                      contributions toward providing high-quality data sets.
                      Finally, most of the upscaling literature in vadose zone
                      research has dealt with bare soils or deep vadose zones.
                      There is a need to develop upscaling methods for real world
                      soils, considering root water uptake mechanisms and other
                      soil-plant-atmosphere interactions.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4 / JARA-ENERGY / JARA-SIM},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$ /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)VDB1045},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences / Soil Science / Water Resources},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000245811500001},
      doi          = {10.2136/vzj2006.0055},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/55663},
}