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@PHDTHESIS{Dutta:55795,
      author       = {Dutta, Suryendu},
      title        = {{B}iomacromolecules of {F}ossil {A}lgae, {S}pores and
                      {Z}ooclasts from {S}elected {T}ime {W}indows of
                      {P}roterozoic to {M}esozoic {A}ge as {R}evealed by
                      {P}yrolysis-{G}as {C}hromatography-{M}ass {S}pectrometry :
                      {A} {B}iogeochemical {S}tudy},
      volume       = {67},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      type         = {Dr. (FH)},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-55795},
      isbn         = {3-89336-455-2},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe Umwelt /
                      Environment},
      pages        = {XVI, 138 S.},
      year         = {2006},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012; RWTH Aachen, Diss.,
                      2006},
      abstract     = {This study has revealed the molecular composition of
                      extraordinarily well preserved palynomorphs (organic-walled
                      microfossils) from selected time windows of Proterozoic to
                      Mesozoic time. Sedimentary rock samples were collected from
                      11 localities: Hazro area (SE Turkey), Ruhr Basin (Germany),
                      Weilerbach-Quierchied (Germany), Zwickau (Germany),
                      Alstätte Embayment (German-Dutch border), Wülfrath
                      (Germany), Gotland (Sweden), Oklahoma (USA), Virginia (USA),
                      Rampura (India) and Tasmania (Australia). All samples are of
                      low thermal maturity (Rock Eval T$_{max}$ 418°C
                      (R$_{c}$~0.40) - 444°C (R$_{c}$~0.75)), except sediments
                      from Suket Shale (Rampura, India). Palynomorphs which are
                      taxonomically well assigned by project collaborators have
                      been handpicked from the total organic residues. For the
                      present investigations, various types of palynomorphs, for
                      example, $\textit{Tasmanites, Leiosphaeridia}$,
                      chitinozoans, scolecodonts, various megaspores and
                      $\textit{Chuaria circularis}$ have been selected. An
                      approach combining microscopy, Micro-Fourier transform
                      infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas
                      chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) has been
                      applied. $\textit{Tasmanites}$ (thick-walled) and
                      $\textit{Leiosphaeridia}$ (thin-walled) are assigned to
                      prasinophycean green algae. Although, $\textit{Tasmanites}$
                      and $\textit{Leiosphaeridia}$ are morphologically distinct,
                      their overall chemical compositions are similar. The
                      pyrolysates from both thick-walled and thin-walled
                      prasinophytes are dominated by a series of
                      $\textit{n}$-C$_{6-22}$ alkene/alkane doublets which are
                      typical of pyrolysis products of algaenan, the
                      microbiological resistant algal biopolymer. The pyrolysates
                      of the $\textit{Tasmanites}$ from Tasmania (Upper
                      Carboniferous/Lower Permian) show a normal tricyclic
                      terpenoid product distribution, but no traces of tricyclic
                      terpenoids have been detected from the pyrolysates of
                      $\textit{Tasmanites}$ from Turkey (Dadas Formation, Upper
                      Silurian/Lower Devonian) and USA (Arbuckle Mountains,
                      Oklahoma, Upper Devonian/Lower Carboniferous and Chattanooga
                      Shale, Upper Devonian, Virginia). However, the pyrolysates
                      of $\textit{Leiosphaeridia}$ from Turkey show the presence
                      of monounsaturated and diunsaturated tricyclic terpenes as
                      well as monoaromatic tricyclic terpanes. Hence, the inherent
                      source-biomarker relationship between the
                      $\textit{Tasmanites}$ and tricyclic terpenoids does not
                      always exist. Furthermore, tricyclic terpenoid pyrolysates
                      of the $\textit{Leiosphaeridia}$ confirms that there are
                      more than one biological source(s) of these biomarkers and
                      they are not exclusively from or always diagnostic of
                      $\textit{Tasmanites}$. $\textbf{Chitinozoans}$ represent a
                      group of flask-like, marine, organic-walled microfossils
                      with uncertain biological affinity. Biomacromolecules of
                      Chitinozoa (Dadas Formation, Upper Silurian, SE Turkey) of
                      present investigation consist of both aliphatic and aromatic
                      moieties. Aromatic pyrolysis products predominate over
                      aliphatic pyrolysis products. Alkylbenzenes,
                      alkylnaphthalenes, alkylphenols and alkylphenanthrenes are
                      the major aromatic compounds found in the pyrolysates of
                      Chitinozoa. A series of
                      $\textit{n}$-alkene/$\textit{n}$-alkane doublets in the
                      pyrolysates represents the aliphatic moiety. Micro-FTIR data
                      are consistent with the pyrolytic studies emphasizing that
                      biomacromolecules of the Chitinozoa investigated in the
                      present study consist of both aromatic and aliphatic
                      components. No pyrolysis products diagnostic of chitin have
                      been detected in the present study. It is unlikely that the
                      original macromolecules of Chitinozoa before fossilization
                      were made of chitin related compounds. Chitinozoans belong
                      to a group of rare marine fossils that have a substantial
                      amount of ‘lignin-like’ macromolecular matter. Both
                      spectroscopic and pyrolytic investigations demonstrate that
                      the sporopollenin of the fossil $\textbf{megaspores}$ (from
                      Cretaceous and Pennsylvanian sediments, Germany) consists of
                      both aliphatic [...]},
      cin          = {ICG-V},
      ddc          = {333.7},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB51},
      pnm          = {Geosysteme - Erde im Wandel},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK405},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11 / PUB:(DE-HGF)3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/55795},
}