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@ARTICLE{Cesa:57094,
      author       = {Cesa, C. M. and Kirchgeßner, N. and Mayer, D. and Schwarz,
                      U. S. and Hoffmann, B. and Merkel, R.},
      title        = {{M}icropatterned silicon elastomer for high resolution
                      analysis of cell force patterns},
      journal      = {Review of scientific instruments},
      volume       = {78},
      issn         = {0034-6748},
      address      = {[S.l.]},
      publisher    = {American Institute of Physics},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-57094},
      pages        = {034301},
      year         = {2007},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Cellular forces are closely related to many physiological
                      processes, including cell migration, growth, division, and
                      differentiation. Here, we describe newly developed
                      techniques to measure these forces with high spatial
                      resolution. Our approach is based on ultrasoft silicone
                      elastomer films with a regular microstructure molded into
                      the surface. Mechanical forces applied by living cells to
                      such films result in elastomer deformation which can be
                      quantified by video microscopy and digital image processing.
                      From this deformation field forces can be calculated. Here
                      we give detailed accounts of the following issues: (1) the
                      preparation of silicon wafers as molds for the
                      microstructures, (2) the fabrication of microstructured
                      elastomer substrates, (3) the in-depth characterization of
                      the mechanical properties of these elastomers, (4) the image
                      processing algorithms for the extraction of cellular
                      deformation fields, and (5) the generalized first moment
                      tensor as a robust mathematical tool to characterize whole
                      cell activity. We present prototype experiments on living
                      myocytes as well as on cardiac fibroblasts and discuss the
                      characteristics and performance of our force measurement
                      technique.},
      keywords     = {Cell Adhesion / Cell Physiological Phenomena / Mechanics /
                      Microscopy: methods / Silicone Elastomers: chemistry /
                      Silicone Elastomers (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBN-4 / IBN-2},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB802 / I:(DE-Juel1)IBN-2-20090406},
      pnm          = {Kondensierte Materie / Grundlagen für zukünftige
                      Informationstechnologien},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK414 / G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK412},
      shelfmark    = {Instruments $\&$ Instrumentation / Physics, Applied},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:17411201},
      UT           = {WOS:000245320800032},
      doi          = {10.1063/1.2712870},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/57094},
}