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@ARTICLE{Kasteel:57151,
      author       = {Kasteel, R. and Pütz, T. and Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{A}n experimental and numerical study on flow and transport
                      in a field soil using zero-tension lysimeters and suction
                      plates},
      journal      = {European journal of soil science},
      volume       = {58},
      issn         = {1351-0754},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-57151},
      pages        = {632 - 645},
      year         = {2007},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Zero-tension lysimeters are widely applied to study the
                      fate of chemicals in the subsurface environment. However,
                      conditions in lysimeters differ from the field situation,
                      because local saturation is required at the lower boundary
                      to collect leachate. The objective was to characterize the
                      influence of the lower boundary on the flow and transport
                      behaviour of bromide observed in six 1.2-m-long lysimeters
                      and in the field by 30 suction plates installed at 1.2-m
                      depth, which were operated with a time-variable suction
                      equal to the ambient soil water potential. A bromide pulse
                      was applied at the bare surface of a silty soil in autumn
                      1997 and monitored for 2.5 years. The mean leachate flux was
                      0.98 mm day−1 for the lysimeters versus 0.66 mm day−1
                      for the suction plates. The lysimeters had a slightly slower
                      effective mean pore-water velocity, expressed as transport
                      distance per unit of leaching depth, and exhibited more
                      solute spreading than the suction plates. Numerical
                      simulations revealed that the amount of water collected with
                      the suction plates was sensitive to the hydraulic
                      conductivity of the plates. The spatial variability in
                      hydraulic properties in the model explained the observed
                      variability in cumulative leachate, at least qualitatively.
                      The arrival time and spreading of the breakthrough curves
                      (BTCs) were well described by the simulations in the
                      lysimeters, but were underestimated in the suction plates.
                      Preferential flow through macropores, which is not an
                      effective carrier for bromide, might be the reason for this
                      discrepancy. Molecular diffusion contributed significantly
                      to solute spreading and enhanced lateral mixing. Both the
                      experiments and the simulations revealed that the
                      dispersivity derived from BTCs is significantly influenced
                      by the observation method and experimental conditions.},
      cin          = {ICG-4 / JARA-ENERGY / JARA-SIM},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$ /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)VDB1045},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Soil Science},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000246427800009},
      doi          = {10.1111/j.1365-2389.2006.00850.x},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/57151},
}