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@ARTICLE{Voigt:57408,
      author       = {Voigt, C. and Kärcher, B. and Schlager, H. and Schiller,
                      C. and Krämer, M. and de Reus, M. and Vössing, H. and
                      Borrmann, S. and Mitev, V.},
      title        = {{I}n-situ observations and modeling of small nitric
                      acid-containing ice crystals},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {7},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-57408},
      pages        = {3373 - 3383},
      year         = {2007},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Measurements in nascent ice forming regions are very rare
                      and help understand cirrus cloud formation and the
                      interactions of trace gases with ice crystals. A tenuous
                      cirrus cloud has been probed with in-situ and remote sensing
                      instruments onboard the high altitude research aircraft
                      Geophysica M55 in the tropical upper troposphere. Besides
                      microphysical and optical particle properties, water (H2O)
                      and reactive nitrogen species (NOy) have been measured. In
                      slightly ice supersaturated air between 14.2 and 14.9 km
                      altitude, an unusually low ice water content of 0.031 mg
                      m(-3) and small ice crystals with mean radii of 5 mu m have
                      been detected. A high nitric acid to water molar ratio
                      (HNO3/H2O) of 5.4 x 10(-5) has been observed in the ice
                      crystals, about an order of magnitude higher compared to
                      previous observations in cirrus at temperatures near 202 K.
                      A model describing the trapping of HNO3 in growing ice
                      particles shows that a high HNO3 content in ice crystals is
                      expected during early growth stages, mainly originating from
                      uptake in aerosol particles prior to freezing. Water vapor
                      deposition on ice crystals and trapping of additional HNO3
                      reduces the molar ratio to values close to the ratio of
                      HNO3/H2O in the gas phase while the cloud ages.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000247572500020},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-7-3373-2007},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/57408},
}