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@ARTICLE{Halder:57645,
      author       = {Halder, S. and Gerber, P. and Schneller, T. and Waser, R.},
      title        = {{S}tructural, dielectric and electrochemical study of
                      {H}f-substituted {B}a{T}i{O}3 thin films fabricated by
                      {CSD}},
      journal      = {Applied physics / A},
      volume       = {83},
      issn         = {0947-8396},
      address      = {Berlin},
      publisher    = {Springer},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-57645},
      pages        = {285 - 288},
      year         = {2006},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {The immune environment of human soft-tissue injury is
                      unstudied. We studied fracture soft-tissue hematomas (FxSTH)
                      in 56 patients with high-energy bony fractures. FxSTH serum
                      and mononuclear cells (MNC) as well as fracture patient
                      plasma and blood MNC were studied. Twenty healthy controls
                      donated plasma and MNC. Soluble tumor necrosis factor
                      (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL-1 beta, IL-2, 6, 8, 10, 12, and
                      interferon-gamma were studied by enzyme linked immunosorbent
                      assay. Cells were studied by flow cytometry after
                      cell-membrane stains for CD-14, TNF-alpha (mTNF), and human
                      leukocyte antigen-DR, or intracellular stains for TNF
                      (icTNF) and IL-10. Thirty-six patients with Injury Severity
                      Score < 15 were analyzed further to evaluate the effects of
                      isolated fracture on systemic immunity. Cytokines were
                      rarely detectable in control plasma. TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta,
                      IL-2, and interferon-gamma were rarely found in FxSTH serum
                      or fracture patient plasma. All FxSTH sera were rich in
                      IL-6, peaking before 48 hours (12,538 +/- 4,153 vs. 3,494
                      +/- 909 pg/mL, p = 0.02, U test). In Injury Severity Score <
                      15, IL-6 was not detectable in most early fracture patient
                      plasma, but rose after 48 hours (p = 0.028). FxSTH serum
                      IL-8 peaked after 48 hours (440 +/- 289 vs. 4,542 +/- 1,219
                      pg/mL, p = 0.006) and circulating IL-8 appeared after 72
                      hours. IL-6 and IL-8 showed gradients from FxSTH serum to
                      paired PtS (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon). IL-10 was abundant (884 +/-
                      229 pg/mL) in FxSTH serum < 24 hours old. FxSTH serum IL-12
                      peaked late (3,323 +/- 799 pg/mL, day 4-7) then fell (p <
                      0.001, analysis of variance). Only IL-12 was higher in
                      fracture patient plasma (1,279 +/- 602 pg/mL) than FxSTH
                      serum (591 +/- 327 pg/mL) during the first 48 hours (p =
                      0.032, U test). On flow cytometry, control monocytes
                      expressed 201 +/- 31 mTNF sites/cell, but icTNF was absent.
                      mTNF was up-regulated after injury more in FxSTH monocytes
                      (3,202 +/- 870 sites/cell) than peripheral blood monocytes
                      (584 +/- 186 sites/cell) (p < 0.05 vs. peripheral blood
                      monocytes by Wilcoxon, p < 0.001 vs. control monocytes by U
                      test). Intracellular IL-10 was abundant in all MNC, but
                      varied widely after injury. Fracture and peripheral blood
                      monocytes expressed far less human leukocyte antigen-DR than
                      control monocytes. Fractures create an inflammatory local
                      environment. Proximal mediators are cell-associated and
                      relatively confined to the wound, but soluble IL-6, IL-8,
                      and IL-10 are abundant and probably exported. Systemic MNC
                      have complex responses to local injuries. These may reflect
                      the combined impact of multiple soluble cytokines initially
                      generated within the wound. FxSTH appear to be a potentially
                      important source of immunomodulatory cytokines in trauma.},
      keywords     = {Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Aged, 80 and over / Analysis of
                      Variance / Case-Control Studies / Cytokines: blood / Female
                      / Fractures, Bone: complications / Fractures, Bone:
                      immunology / HLA-DR Antigens: blood / Hematoma:
                      complications / Hematoma: immunology / Humans / Immunity,
                      Cellular / Male / Middle Aged / Monocytes: immunology / Soft
                      Tissue Injuries: complications / Soft Tissue Injuries:
                      immunology / Time Factors / Cytokines (NLM Chemicals) /
                      HLA-DR Antigens (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IFF-IEM / CNI / JARA-FIT},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB321 / I:(DE-Juel1)VDB381 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$},
      pnm          = {Kondensierte Materie},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK414},
      shelfmark    = {Materials Science, Multidisciplinary / Physics, Applied},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:9191672},
      UT           = {WOS:000236641800022},
      doi          = {10.1007/s00339-006-3494-3},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/57645},
}