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@ARTICLE{Hodzic:57751,
      author       = {Hodzic, A. and Madronich, S. and Bohn, B. and Massie, S.
                      and Menut, L. and Wiedinmyer, C.},
      title        = {{W}ildfire particulate matter in {E}urope during summer
                      2003: {M}eso-scale modeling of smoke emissions, transport
                      and radiative effects},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics / Discussions},
      volume       = {7},
      issn         = {1680-7367},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-57751},
      pages        = {4705 - 4760},
      year         = {2007},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {The present study investigates effects of wildfire
                      emissions on air quality in Europe during an intense fire
                      season that occurred in summer 2003. A meso-scale chemistry
                      transport model CHIMERE is used, together with ground based
                      and satellite aerosol optical measurements, to assess the
                      dispersion of fire emissions and to quantify the associated
                      radiative effects. The model has been improved to take into
                      account a MODIS-derived daily smoke emission inventory as
                      well as the injection altitude of smoke particles. The
                      simulated aerosol optical properties are put into a
                      radiative transfer model to estimate (off-line) the effects
                      of smoke particles on photolysis rates and atmospheric
                      radiative forcing. We have found that the simulated
                      wildfires generated comparable amounts of primary aerosol
                      pollutants (130 kTons of PM2.5, fine particles) to
                      anthropogenic sources during August 2003, and caused
                      significant changes in aerosol optical properties not only
                      close to the fire source regions, but also over a large part
                      of Europe as a result of the long-range transport of the
                      smoke. Including these emissions into the model
                      significantly improved its performance in simulating
                      observed aerosol concentrations and optical properties.
                      Quantitative comparison with MODIS and POLDER data during
                      the major fire event (3-8 August 2003) showed the ability of
                      the model to reproduce high aerosol optical thickness (AOT)
                      over Northern Europe caused by the advection of the smoke
                      plume from the Portugal source region. Although there was a
                      fairly good spatial agreement with satellite data
                      (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.4 to 0.9), the
                      temporal variability of AOT data at specific AERONET
                      locations was not well captured by the model. Statistical
                      analyses of model-simulated AOT data at AERONET ground
                      stations showed a significant decrease in the model biases
                      suggesting that wildfire emissions are responsible for a
                      $30\%$ enhancement in mean AOT values during the heat-wave
                      episode. The implications for air quality over a large part
                      of Europe are significant during this episode. First,
                      directly, the modeled wildfire emissions caused an increase
                      in average PM2.5 ground concentrations from 20 to $200\%.$
                      The largest enhancement in PM2.5 concentrations stayed,
                      however, confined within a 200 km area around the fire
                      source locations and reached up to 40 mu g/m(3). Second,
                      indirectly, the presence of elevated smoke layers over
                      Europe significantly altered atmospheric radiative
                      properties: the model results imply a 10 to $30\%$ decrease
                      in photolysis rates and an increase in atmospheric radiative
                      forcing of 10-35 W m(-2) during the period of strong fire
                      influence throughout a large part of Europe. These results
                      suggest that sporadic wildfire events may have significant
                      effects on regional photochemistry and atmospheric
                      stability, and need to be considered in current
                      chemistry-transport models.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/acpd-7-4705-2007},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/57751},
}