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@ARTICLE{Liu:57779,
      author       = {Liu, L. and Andreani-Aksoyoglu, S. and Keller, J. and
                      Braathen, G.O. and Schultz, M. and Prévôt, A.S.H. and
                      Isaksen, I. S. A.},
      title        = {{A} photochemical modelling study of ozone and formaldehyde
                      generation and budget in the {P}o basin},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {112},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-57779},
      pages        = {D22303},
      year         = {2007},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {In this work, a photochemical dispersion model, CAMx
                      (Comprehensive Air quality Model with eXtensions) was used
                      to simulate a high ozone episode observed in the Po basin
                      during the 2003 FORMAT (Formaldehyde as a Tracer of
                      Oxidation in the Troposphere) campaign. The study focuses on
                      formaldehyde and ozone, and a budget analysis was set up for
                      interpreting the importance of different processes, namely
                      emission, chemistry, transport and deposition, for three
                      different areas (urban, downwind, suburban) around the Milan
                      metropolitan region. In addition, a sensitivity study was
                      carried out based on 11 different VOC emission scenarios.
                      The results of the budget study show that the strongest O-3
                      production rate (4 ppbv/hour) occurs in the downwind area of
                      the city of Milan, and that accumulated O3 is transported
                      back to Milan city during nighttime. More than $80\%$ of the
                      HCHO concentration over the Milan metropolitan region is
                      secondary, i. e., photochemically produced from other VOCs.
                      The sensitivity study shows that the emissions of isoprene
                      are not, on average, a controlling factor for the peak
                      concentrations of O3 and HCHO over the model domain because
                      of very few oak trees in this region. Although the
                      paraffinic (PAR) emissions are fairly large, a $20\%$
                      reduction of PAR yields only $1.7\%$ of HCHO reduction and
                      $2.7\%$ reduction of the O3 peak. The largest reduction of
                      O3 levels can be obtained by reduced xylene (XYL) emissions.
                      A $20\%$ reduction of the total anthropogenic VOC emissions
                      leads to $15.5\%$ (20.3 ppbv) reduction of O3 peak levels
                      over the Milan metropolitan region.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000251259000001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2006JD008172},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/57779},
}