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@ARTICLE{Nickel:57784,
      author       = {Nickel, H. and Quadakkers, W. J. and Singheiser, L.},
      title        = {{D}etermination of {C}orrosion {L}ayers and {P}rotective
                      {C}oatings on {S}teels and {A}lloys used in {S}imulated
                      {S}ervice {E}nvironment of {M}odern {P}ower {P}lants},
      journal      = {Journal of pressure vessel technology},
      volume       = {128},
      issn         = {0094-9930},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {ASME},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-57784},
      pages        = {130 - 139},
      year         = {2006},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {The development of modern power generation systems with
                      higher thermal efficiency requires the use of constructional
                      materials of higher strength and improved resistance to the
                      aggressive service atmospheres. In this paper, the following
                      examples are discussed. (i) The oxidation behavior of $9\%$
                      Cr steels in simulated combustion gases: The effects of O-2
                      and H2O content on the oxidation behavior of $9\%$ Cr steels
                      in the temperature range 600-800 degrees C showed that in
                      dry oxygen a protective scale was formed with an oxidation
                      rate controlled by diffusion. In contrast, that in the
                      presence of water vapor, after an incubation period, the
                      scale became nonprotective as a result of a change in the
                      oxidation mechanism. (ii) The development of NiCrAlY alloys
                      for corrosion-resistant coatings and thermal barrier
                      coatings of gas turbine components: The increase of
                      component surface temperature in modern gas turbines leads
                      to an enhanced oxidation attack of the blade coating.
                      Considerable efforts have been made in the improvement of
                      the temperature properties of MCrAlY coatings by the
                      additions of minor elements, such as yttrium, silicon, and
                      titanium. The experimental results show the positive, but
                      different influence of the oxidation behavior of the MCrAlY
                      coatings by the addition of these minor elements. (iii) The
                      development of lightweight intermetallics of TiAl-basis:
                      TiAl-based intermetallics are promising materials,for future
                      turbine components because of the combination of
                      high-temperature strength and low density. These alloys,
                      however possess poor oxidation resistance at temperatures
                      above 700 degrees C. The experimental results showed that
                      the oxidation behavior of TiAl-based intermetallics can be
                      strongly improved by minor additions of 1-2 at. $\%$ silver.
                      (iv) The oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloys provide
                      excellent creep resistance up to much higher temperatures
                      than can be achieved with conventional wrought or cast
                      alloys in combination with suitable high-temperature
                      oxidation/corrosion resistance. The growth mechanisms of
                      protective chromia and alumina scales were examined by a
                      two-stage oxidation method with O-18 tracer The distribution
                      of the oxygen isotopes in the oxide scale was determined by
                      secondary ion-mass spectroscopy and SNMS. The results show
                      the positive influence of a Y2O3 dispersion on the oxidation
                      resistance of the ODS alloys and its effect on growth
                      mechanisms.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IWV-2 / JARA-ENERGY},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB2 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$},
      pnm          = {Rationelle Energieumwandlung},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK402},
      shelfmark    = {Engineering, Mechanical},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000235862400020},
      doi          = {10.1115/1.2137769},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/57784},
}