% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Frhlich:57885,
      author       = {Fröhlich, K. and Schmidt, T. and Ern, M. and Preusse, P.
                      and de la Torre, A. and Wickert, J. and Jacobi, Ch.},
      title        = {{T}he global distribution of gravity wave energy in the
                      lower stratosphere derived from {GPS} data and gravity wave
                      modelling: {A}ttempt and challenges},
      journal      = {Journal of atmospheric and solar-terrestrial physics},
      volume       = {69},
      issn         = {1364-6826},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-57885},
      pages        = {2238 - 2248},
      year         = {2007},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Five years of global temperatures retrieved from radio
                      occultations measured by Champ (Challenging Minisatellite
                      Payload) and SAC-C (Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C)
                      are analyzed for gravity waves (GWs). In order to separate
                      GWs from other atmospheric variations, a high-pass filter
                      was applied on the vertical profile. Resulting temperature
                      fluctuations correspond to vertical wavelengths between 400
                      in (instrumental resolution) and 10 km (limit of the
                      high-pass filter). The temperature fluctuations can be
                      converted into GW potential energy, but for comparison with
                      parameterization schemes GW momentum flux is required. We
                      therefore used representative values for the vertical and
                      horizontal wavelength to infer GW momentum flux from the GPS
                      measurements. The vertical wavelength value is determined by
                      high-pass filtering, the horizontal wavelength is adopted
                      from a latitude-dependent climatology. The obtained momentum
                      flux distributions agree well, both in global distribution
                      and in absolute values, with simulations using the Warner
                      and McIntyre parameterization (WM) scheme. However,
                      discrepancies are found in the annual cycle. Online
                      simulations, implementing the WM scheme in the mechanistic
                      COMMA-LIM (Cologne Model of the Middle Atmosphere-Leipzig
                      Institute for Meteorology) general circulation model (GCM),
                      do not converge, demonstrating that a good representation of
                      GWs in a GCM requires both a realistic launch distribution
                      and an adequate representation of GW breaking and momentum
                      transfer. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Geochemistry $\&$ Geophysics / Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric
                      Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000251841800009},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jastp.2007.07.005},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/57885},
}