% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Konopka:58072,
      author       = {Konopka, P. and Günther, G. and Müller, R. and dos
                      Santos, F. H. and Schiller, C. and Ulanovsky, A. and
                      Schlager, H. and Volk, C. M. and Viciani, S. and Pan, L. and
                      McKenna, D. S. and Riese, M.},
      title        = {{C}ontribution of mixing to the upward transport across the
                      {TTL}},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {7},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-58072},
      pages        = {3285 - 3308},
      year         = {2007},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {During the second part of the TROCCINOX campaign that took
                      place in Brazil in early 2005, chemical species were
                      measured on-board the high-altitude research aircraft
                      Geophysica ( ozone, water vapor, NO, NOy, CH4 and CO) in the
                      altitude range up to 20 km ( or up to 450 K potential
                      temperature), i.e. spanning the entire TTL region roughly
                      extending between 350 and 420 K.Here, analysis of transport
                      across the TTL is performed using a new version of the
                      Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). In
                      this new version, the stratospheric model has been extended
                      to the earth surface. Above the tropopause, the isentropic
                      and cross-isentropic advection in CLaMS is driven by
                      meteorological analysis winds and heating/ cooling rates
                      derived from a radiation calculation. Below the tropopause,
                      the model smoothly transforms from the isentropic to the
                      hybrid-pressure coordinate and, in this way, takes into
                      account the effect of large-scale convective transport as
                      implemented in the vertical wind of the meteorological
                      analysis. As in previous CLaMS simulations, the irreversible
                      transport, i. e. mixing, is controlled by the local
                      horizontal strain and vertical shear rates.Stratospheric and
                      tropospheric signatures in the TTL can be seen both in the
                      observations and in the model. The composition of air above
                      approximate to 350 K is mainly controlled by mixing on a
                      time scale of weeks or even months. Based on CLaMS transport
                      studies where mixing can be completely switched off, we
                      deduce that vertical mixing, mainly driven by the vertical
                      shear in the tropical flanks of the subtropical jets and, to
                      some extent, in the the outflow regions of the large-scale
                      convection, offers an explanation for the upward transport
                      of trace species from the main convective outflow at around
                      350 K up to the tropical tropopause around 380 K.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1 / JARA-SIM},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790 / I:(DE-Juel1)VDB1045},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000247572500015},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-7-3285-2007},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/58072},
}