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@ARTICLE{Marquard:5854,
      author       = {Marquard, E. and Weigelt, A. and Temperton, V. M. and
                      Roscher, C. and Schumacher, J. and Buchmann, N. and Fischer,
                      M. and Schulze, E.-D. and Weisser, W.W. and Schmidt, B.},
      title        = {{P}lant species richness and functional composition drive
                      overyielding in a six-year grassland experiment},
      journal      = {Ecology},
      volume       = {90},
      issn         = {0012-9658},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {ESA},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-5854},
      pages        = {3290 - 3302},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {We thank the gardeners of the Jena Experiment and many
                      field assistants for maintaining the plots and handling
                      numerous biomass samples. We are grateful to A. Fergus, M.
                      Gubsch, A. Lipowsky, J. Petermann, T. Rottstock, and A.
                      Schmidtke for helping with the fieldwork and for
                      supplementing the realized richness data in 2005. The
                      comments of three anonymous reviewers greatly improved the
                      paper. The Jena Experiment is funded by the German Research
                      Foundation (FOR 456) and supported by the Friedrich Schiller
                      University of Jena and the Max Planck Institute for
                      Biogeochemistry, Jena. Additional support was provided by
                      the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number
                      31-65224-01 to B. Schmid).},
      abstract     = {Plant diversity has been shown to increase community
                      biomass in experimental communities, but the mechanisms
                      resulting in such positive biodiversity effects have
                      remained largely unknown. We used a large-scale six-year
                      biodiversity experiment near Jena, Germany, to examine how
                      aboveground community biomass in grasslands is affected by
                      different components of plant diversity and thereby infer
                      the mechanisms that may underlie positive biodiversity
                      effects. As components of diversity we defined the number of
                      species (1-16), number of functional groups (1-4), presence
                      of functional groups (legumes, tall herbs, small herbs, and
                      grasses) and proportional abundance of functional groups.
                      Using linear models, replacement series on the level of
                      functional groups, and additive partitioning on the level of
                      species, we explored whether the observed biodiversity
                      effects originated from disproportionate effects of single
                      functional groups or species or from positive interactions
                      between them.Aboveground community biomass was positively
                      related to the number of species measured across functional
                      groups as well as to the number of functional groups
                      measured across different levels of species richness.
                      Furthermore, increasing the number of species within
                      functional groups increased aboveground community biomass,
                      indicating that species within functional groups were not
                      redundant with respect to biomass production. A positive
                      relationship between the number of functional groups and
                      aboveground community biomass within a particular level of
                      species richness suggested that complementarity was larger
                      between species belonging to different rather than to the
                      same functional groups. The presence of legumes or tall
                      herbs had a strong positive impact on aboveground community
                      biomass whereas the presence of small herbs or grasses had
                      on average no significant effect. Two-and three-way
                      interactions between functional group presences were weak,
                      suggesting that their main effects were largely additive.
                      Replacement series analyses on the level of functional
                      groups revealed strong transgressive overyielding and
                      relative yields >1, indicating facilitation. On the species
                      level, we found strong complementarity effects that
                      increased over time while selection effects due to
                      disproportionate contributions of particular species
                      decreased over time. We conclude that transgressive
                      overyielding between functional groups and species richness
                      effects within functional groups caused the positive
                      biodiversity effects on aboveground community biomass in our
                      experiment.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-3},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICG-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Ecology},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000272700800002},
      doi          = {10.1890/09-0069.1},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/5854},
}