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@ARTICLE{Kajzar:58812,
      author       = {Kajzar, A. and Cesa, C. M. and Kirchgeßner, N. and
                      Hoffmann, B. and Merkel, R.},
      title        = {{T}owards {P}hysiological {C}ondtions for {C}ell
                      {A}nalyses: {F}orces of {H}eart {M}uscle {C}ells {S}uspended
                      between {E}lastic {M}icropillars},
      journal      = {Biophysical journal},
      volume       = {94},
      number       = {5},
      issn         = {0006-3495},
      address      = {New York, NY},
      publisher    = {Rockefeller Univ. Press},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-58812},
      pages        = {1854 - 1866},
      year         = {2008},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Almost each mammalian cell permanently applies forces to
                      its environment. These forces are essential for many vital
                      processes such as tissue formation or cell movement. In
                      turn, the environmental conditions of cells strongly affect
                      force production. Here we report on the development of an
                      array of elastomeric micropillars as cellular environment.
                      Within these micropillar arrays, we cultivated rat heart
                      muscle cells (cardiac myocytes). For lattice constants
                      between 20 and 30 mum, cells strongly preferred spanning
                      between the elastic micropillars over adhering to the
                      underlying flat substrate. In addition, the architectures of
                      the cytoskeleton and of protein complexes formed for
                      adhesion were strongly dependent on the environment of the
                      cell. On flat parts of the substrates, we observed prominent
                      stress fibers and focal adhesion sites. In contrast, cells
                      suspended between micropillars exhibited well organized
                      myofibers and costameric adhesions at the locations of
                      Z-bands. These observations argue for close-to-nature
                      environmental conditions within micropillar arrays. Resting
                      as well as contraction forces of myocytes resulted in
                      measurable pillar bending. Using an approximate theoretical
                      treatment of elastically founded micropillars, we calculated
                      average cell forces of 140 nN in the relaxed and 400 nN in
                      the contracted state.},
      keywords     = {Adherens Junctions: metabolism / Algorithms / Animals /
                      Cell Adhesion: physiology / Cell Membrane: metabolism / Cell
                      Movement: physiology / Cell Physiological Phenomena / Cells,
                      Cultured / Cytoskeleton: metabolism / Elastomers: chemistry
                      / Microscopy, Fluorescence / Microscopy, Immunoelectron /
                      Muscle Proteins: metabolism / Myocytes, Cardiac: cytology /
                      Myocytes, Cardiac: physiology / Rats / Rats, Wistar /
                      Stress, Mechanical / Tissue Engineering / Elastomers (NLM
                      Chemicals) / Muscle Proteins (NLM Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IBN-4},
      ddc          = {570},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB802},
      pnm          = {Kondensierte Materie},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK414},
      shelfmark    = {Biophysics},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:17981895},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC2242761},
      UT           = {WOS:000253313800037},
      doi          = {10.1529/biophysj.107.115766},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/58812},
}