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@ARTICLE{vanderKruk:5899,
      author       = {van der Kruk, J. and Steelman, C. M. and Endres, A. L. and
                      Vereecken, H.},
      title        = {{D}ispersion inversion of electromagnetic pulse propagation
                      within freezing and thawing soil waveguides},
      journal      = {Geophysical research letters},
      volume       = {36},
      issn         = {0094-8276},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {American Geophysical Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-5899},
      pages        = {L18503},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {This work was partly supported by a grant from ETH Zurich
                      and by an Individual Discovery Grant to A. L. Endres and a
                      Post Graduate Scholarship (PGS-M and PGS-D) to Colby
                      Steelman from the Natural Science and Engineering Research
                      Council of Canada. We also thank Alicia and Murray Smith for
                      the use of their property as our test site.},
      abstract     = {Freeze and thaw processes are important components in
                      characterizing glacial, periglacial and frozen ground
                      environments, and hence the response of cryospheric regions
                      to climate change. High-frequency ground-penetrating radar
                      is particularly well suited for monitoring the freezing and
                      thawing processes within the shallow subsurface (i.e., < 1 m
                      depth) due to its non-invasive nature and its sensitivity to
                      the liquid water component in soil. The freezing of moist
                      soil and thawing of frozen soil induce leaky and
                      low-velocity waveguides, respectively. Within these
                      waveguide layers, the internally reflected radar energy
                      produces interfering multiples that appear as a package of
                      dispersed waves. Here, we present a new method for
                      characterizing very shallow freeze and thaw processes, in
                      which the waveguide properties are obtained by inverting the
                      observed dispersion curves. This new method can
                      non-invasively monitor freezing and thawing processes in a
                      wide range of glacial, periglacial and frozen ground
                      studies. Citation: van der Kruk, J., C. M. Steelman, A. L.
                      Endres, and H. Vereecken (2009), Dispersion inversion of
                      electromagnetic pulse propagation within freezing and
                      thawing soil waveguides, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18503,
                      doi:10.1029/2009GL039581.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-4 / JARA-HPC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793 / $I:(DE-82)080012_20140620$},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Geosciences, Multidisciplinary},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000270235100003},
      doi          = {10.1029/2009GL039581},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/5899},
}