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@ARTICLE{Windt:5901,
      author       = {Windt, C. W. and Gerkema, E. and Van As, H.},
      title        = {{M}ost {W}ater in the {T}omato {T}russ {I}s {I}mported
                      through the {X}ylem, {N}ot the {P}hloem: {A} {N}uclear
                      {M}agnetic {R}esonance {F}low {I}maging {S}tudy},
      journal      = {Plant physiology},
      volume       = {151},
      issn         = {0032-0889},
      address      = {Rockville, Md.: Soc.},
      publisher    = {JSTOR},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-5901},
      pages        = {830 - 842},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {In this study, we demonstrate nuclear magnetic resonance
                      flow imaging of xylem and phloem transport toward a
                      developing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) truss. During an
                      8-week period of growth, we measured phloem and xylem fluxes
                      in the truss stalk, aiming to distinguish the contributions
                      of the two transport tissues and draw up a balance between
                      influx and efflux. It is commonly estimated that about
                      $90\%$ of the water reaches the fruit by the phloem and the
                      remaining $10\%$ by the xylem. The xylem is thought to
                      become dysfunctional at an early stage of fruit development.
                      However, our results do not corroborate these findings. On
                      the contrary, we found that xylem transport into the truss
                      remained functional throughout the 8 weeks of growth. During
                      that time, at least $75\%$ of the net influx into the fruit
                      occurred through the external xylem and about $25\%$ via the
                      perimedullary region, which contains both phloem and xylem.
                      About one-half of the net influx was lost due to
                      evaporation. Halfway through truss development, a xylem
                      backflow appeared. As the truss matured, the percentage of
                      xylem water that circulated into the truss and out again
                      increased in comparison with the net uptake, but no net loss
                      of water from the truss was observed. The circulation of
                      xylem water continued even after the fruits and pedicels
                      were removed. This indicates that neither of them was
                      involved in generating or conducting the circulation of sap.
                      Only when the main axis of the peduncle was cut back did the
                      circulation stop.},
      keywords     = {Biological Transport / Lycopersicon esculentum: growth $\&$
                      development / Lycopersicon esculentum: physiology / Magnetic
                      Resonance Spectroscopy / Phloem: physiology / Rheology:
                      methods / Water: physiology / Xylem: physiology / Water (NLM
                      Chemicals) / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-3},
      ddc          = {580},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)ICG-3-20090406},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Plant Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:19710234},
      pmc          = {pmc:PMC2754649},
      UT           = {WOS:000270389500028},
      doi          = {10.1104/pp.109.141044},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/5901},
}