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@ARTICLE{Saunois:59629,
      author       = {Saunois, M. and Mari, C. and Thouret, V. and Cammas, J. P.
                      and Peyrillé, P. and Lafore, J. P. and Sauvage, B. and
                      Volz-Thomas, A. and Nédélec, P. and Pinty, J. P.},
      title        = {{A}n idealized two-dimensional approach to study the impact
                      of the {W}est {A}frican monsoon on the meridional gradient
                      of tropospheric ozone},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {113},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-59629},
      pages        = {D07306},
      year         = {2008},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {An idealized vertical-meridional zonally symmetrical
                      version of the Meso-NH model is used to study the response
                      of tropospheric ozone to the dynamics of the West African
                      monsoon, as well as surface emissions and NOx-production by
                      lightning (LNOx). An O-3-NOx-VOC chemical scheme has been
                      added to the dynamical model, including surface emissions
                      and a parameterization of the LNOx production. The model
                      shows that the ozone precursors emitted at the surface are
                      uplifted by deep convection and then advected in the upper
                      branches of the Hadley cells on both sides of the Inter
                      Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The NOx produced by
                      lightning promotes chemical ozone production in the middle
                      and upper troposphere from the oxidation of CO and VOCs. The
                      analysis of the convective and chemical tendencies shows
                      that the ozone minimum at the ITCZ is induced by venting of
                      ozone-poor air masses into the upper troposphere. The
                      bi-dimensional model suffers from limitations due to the
                      absence of exchange with the higher latitudes and
                      ventilation in the zonal direction. Despite of these
                      restrictions, sensitivity simulations show that the LNOx
                      source and biogenic VOCs are necessary to create the
                      meridional gradient of ozone observed by the Measurements of
                      OZone and water vapor by in-service AIrbus airCraft (MOZAIC)
                      aircrafts in the southern Hadley cell. The LNOx source is
                      also required to maintain the meridional ozone gradient up
                      to 24 degrees N in the northern Hadley cell. The modeled
                      meridional gradient of O-3 in the upper troposphere ranges
                      from 0.22 to 0.52 ppbv/deg without the LNOx source and from
                      0.60 to 1.08 ppbv/deg with the LNOx source, in the southern
                      and the northern cells respectively.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000255076000001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2007JD008707},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/59629},
}