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@ARTICLE{Pozzoli:60705,
      author       = {Pozzoli, L. and Bey, I. and Rast, J. S. and Schultz, M. G.
                      and Stier, P. and Feichter, J.},
      title        = {{T}race gas and aerosol interactions in the fully coupled
                      model of aerosol-chemistry-climate {ECHAM}5-{HAMMOZ}, {PART}
                      {I}: {M}odel description and insights from the spring 2001
                      {TRACE}-{P} experiment},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {113},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-60705},
      pages        = {D07308},
      year         = {2008},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {In this paper, we introduce the ECHAM5-HAMMOZ
                      aerosol-chemistry-climate model that includes fully
                      interactive simulations of Ox-NOx-hydrocarbons chemistry and
                      of aerosol microphysics (including prognostic size
                      distribution and mixing state of aerosols) implemented in
                      the General Circulation Model ECHAM5. The photolysis rates
                      used in the gas chemistry account for aerosol and cloud
                      distributions and a comprehensive set of heterogeneous
                      reactions is implemented. The model is evaluated with trace
                      gas and aerosol observations provided by the TRACE-P
                      aircraft experiment. Sulfate concentrations are well
                      captured but black carbon concentrations are underestimated.
                      The number concentrations, surface areas, and optical
                      properties are reproduced fairly well near the surface but
                      underestimated in the upper troposphere. CO concentrations
                      are well reproduced in general while O-3 concentrations are
                      overestimated by 10-20 ppbv. We find that heterogeneous
                      chemistry significantly influences the regional and global
                      distributions of a number of key trace gases. Heterogeneous
                      reactions reduce the ozone surface concentrations by
                      $18-23\%$ over the TRACE-P region and the global annual mean
                      O-3 burden by $7\%.$ The annual global mean OH concentration
                      decreases by $10\%$ inducing a $7\%$ increase in the global
                      CO burden. Annual global mean HNO3 surface concentration
                      decreases by $15\%$ because of heterogenous reaction on
                      mineral dust. A comparison of our results to those from
                      previous studies suggests that the choice of uptake
                      coefficients for a given species is the critical parameter
                      that determines the global impact of heterogeneous chemistry
                      on a trace gas (rather than the description of aerosol
                      properties and distributions). A prognostic description of
                      the size distribution and mixing state of the aerosols is
                      important, however, to account for the effect of
                      heterogeneous chemistry on aerosols as further discussed in
                      the second part of this two-part series.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000255202300004},
      doi          = {10.1029/2007JD009007},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/60705},
}