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@ARTICLE{vandenBril:61723,
      author       = {van den Bril, K. and Grégoire, C. and Swennen, R. and
                      Lambot, S.},
      title        = {{G}round-penetrating radar as a tool to detect rock
                      heterogeneities (channels, cemented layers and fractures) in
                      the {L}uxembourg {S}andstone {F}ormation ({G}rand-{D}uchy of
                      {L}uxembourg)},
      journal      = {Sedimentology},
      volume       = {54},
      issn         = {0037-0746},
      address      = {Oxford},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-61723},
      pages        = {949 - 967},
      year         = {2007},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {A combined study of radar profiles and thin section
                      analysis supported by modelling of synthetic radar traces
                      reveals that ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflections
                      generated in diagenetically altered sandstones cannot always
                      be interpreted unequivocally. This is illustrated in the
                      Luxembourg Sandstone Formation, which has been altered
                      diagenetically by selective carbonate cementation and
                      fracturing. Cemented lenses and concretions developed along
                      the bedding planes, especially at places with high primary
                      carbonate content. Cementation resulted in the alternation
                      of cemented carbonate-rich sandy layers (thickness
                      30–50 cm and variable length) and uncemented
                      carbonate-poor sandstone layers. The ability of GPR to
                      detect the geometry of these lenses and vertical fractures
                      with centimetre apertures has been tested at several antenna
                      frequencies (100, 200, 250 and 500 MHz). Relative
                      dielectric permittivity calculations were carried out to
                      assess variations of this electric property within the
                      cemented and uncemented layers as a function of porosity,
                      calcite and water content in the pores. Two-dimensional full
                      waveform modelling was also carried out to study the effect
                      of conductivity in the sandstones and the effect of
                      interlayer clay seams. At the penetration depth of the radar
                      (7 m with 250 MHz), cemented lenses and concretions
                      could only be detected with GPR when the porosity contrast
                      was sufficiently high, which is not always the case. This
                      conclusion is supported by the modelling. The data also
                      proved the ability of radar to detect large open vertical
                      fractures along which sandstones are weathered. The study
                      has implications for investigations which will use GPR to
                      detect three-dimensional distribution of diagenetic pore
                      filling precipitates as well as secondary porosity
                      development along fractures.},
      cin          = {ICG-4},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Geology},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000248911100011},
      doi          = {10.1111/j.1365-3091.2007.00868.x},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/61723},
}