% IMPORTANT: The following is UTF-8 encoded.  This means that in the presence
% of non-ASCII characters, it will not work with BibTeX 0.99 or older.
% Instead, you should use an up-to-date BibTeX implementation like “bibtex8” or
% “biber”.

@ARTICLE{Berns:62044,
      author       = {Berns, A. E. and Philipp, H. and Narres, H.-D. and Burauel,
                      P. and Vereecken, H. and Tappe, W.},
      title        = {{E}ffect of gamma-sterilization and autoclaving on soil
                      organic matter structure as studied by solid state {NMR},
                      {UV} and fluorescence spectroscopy},
      journal      = {European journal of soil science},
      volume       = {59},
      issn         = {1351-0754},
      address      = {Oxford [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Wiley-Blackwell},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-62044},
      pages        = {540 - 550},
      year         = {2008},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {Sterilized soil is often used, for example in degradation
                      studies, sorption experiments, microbiological tests and
                      plant test systems, to distinguish between microbial
                      processes and abiotic reactions. The most commonly used
                      technique for sterilization is autoclaving of the soil.
                      Another technique is irradiation with high-level gamma
                      radiation (γ-radiation). One major drawback of
                      sterilization procedures is the possible alteration of the
                      structure of soil components, for example the organic
                      matter. A change in the chemical structure of the soil
                      organic matter can cause different reactions in the
                      above-mentioned experiments and hence interfere with the aim
                      of clearly distinguishing between biotic and abiotic
                      processes. Two soils (Gleyic Cambisol and Orthic Luvisol)
                      were sterilized by two γ-irradiation procedures
                      (4 kGy hour−1 for 9 hours and 1.3 kGy hour−1
                      for 27 hours) and repeated autoclaving at 121°C. Gentle
                      physical aggregate fractionation of the sterilized soils
                      revealed a decrease in the aggregation of the soil, which
                      was reflected in an increase of the clay fraction.
                      Subsequent analysis of the aqueous phase revealed much more
                      dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the γ-sterilized and
                      autoclaved soils than in the untreated soils. Ultraviolet
                      (UV) and fluorescence spectra of the DOM showed a decrease
                      in the aromaticity and polycondensation of the dissolved
                      organic carbon (DOC). 13C cross-polarization/magic-angle
                      spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-CP/MAS NMR) spectra
                      of the unfractionated soils and their respective soil
                      fractions before and after sterilization showed that the
                      most important change occurred in the carbohydrate and
                      N-alkyl region, the main components of microorganisms. In
                      general, the impact of the sterilization method was stronger
                      for autoclaving. The γ-sterilized soils and fractions
                      displayed both fewer and smaller changes in the soil organic
                      matter.},
      cin          = {ICG-4 / JARA-ENERGY / JARA-SIM},
      ddc          = {630},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB793 / $I:(DE-82)080011_20140620$ /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)VDB1045},
      pnm          = {Terrestrische Umwelt},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK407},
      shelfmark    = {Soil Science},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000255917300014},
      doi          = {10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01016.x},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/62044},
}