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@ARTICLE{Baumgardner:62632,
      author       = {Baumgardner, D. and Kok, G. and Krämer, M. and Weidle, F.},
      title        = {{M}eridional {G}radients of {L}ight {A}bsorbing {C}arbon
                      over {N}orthern {E}urope},
      journal      = {Environmental research letters},
      volume       = {3},
      issn         = {1748-9326},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IOP Publ.},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-62632},
      pages        = {025010},
      year         = {2008},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {In situ measurements have been made in the upper
                      troposphere of the properties of particles containing light
                      absorbing carbon ( LAC). These measurements, made in late
                      November 2006 over northern Europe, show that the average
                      LAC mass concentration varies between 1 and 5 ng m(-3) over
                      a latitude range 50 degrees to 70 degrees N, with maxima at
                      50 degrees and 66 degrees. The relative fraction of all
                      particles larger than 0.1 mu m that contain LAC decreases at
                      higher latitudes. The derived extinction coefficient, which
                      also increases with latitude, reaches a maximum of 1.4
                      Mm(-1) at 66 degrees.The air mass histories associated with
                      the LAC were evaluated with back trajectory analysis using
                      wind field analysis from the European Center for Median-
                      Range Weather Forecast ( ECMWF). A positive correlation
                      exists between the fraction of particles containing LAC and
                      the maximum relative humidity ( RH), minimum temperature and
                      maximum number of hours of cloud experienced by the air mass
                      in the 5-10 days prior to being sampled by the aircraft. Air
                      masses arriving from lower altitudes and with trajectories
                      over North America also had larger concentration fractions
                      of LAC.The average LAC mass is in good agreement with
                      previous measurements made over North America for the same
                      latitude range, and the span of values fits best with model
                      predictions of LAC distributions that assume that the LAC
                      transported from surface sources is hydrophobic.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {690},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Environmental Sciences / Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric
                      Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000257177300020},
      doi          = {10.1088/1748-9326/3/2/025010},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/62632},
}