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@ARTICLE{Fuchs:6282,
      author       = {Fuchs, H. and Dubé, W. and Lerner, B.M. and Wagner, N.L.
                      and Williams, E.J. and Bown, S.S.},
      title        = {{A} {S}ensitive and {V}ersatile {D}etector for
                      {A}tmospheric {NO}2 and {NO}x {B}ased on {B}lue {D}iode
                      {L}aser {C}avity {R}ing-{D}own {S}pectroscopy},
      journal      = {Environmental Science $\&$ Technology},
      volume       = {43},
      issn         = {0013-936X},
      address      = {Columbus, Ohio},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-6282},
      pages        = {7831 - 7836},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {We thank A. Langford for assistance in characterization of
                      the spectral properties of the diode laser output. This work
                      was funded in part by an Innovative Research Proposal Grant
                      from the Cooperative Institute for Research in the
                      Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado, and in
                      part by the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program.},
      abstract     = {A sensitive, small detector was developed for atmospheric
                      NO2 and NOx concentration measurements. NO2 is directly
                      detected by laser diode based cavity ring-down spectroscopy
                      (CRDS) at 404 nm. The sum of NO and NO2 (=NOx) is
                      simultaneously measured in a second cavity by quantitative
                      conversion of ambient NO to NO2 in excess ozone.
                      Interferences due to absorption by other trace gases at 404
                      nm, such as ozone and water vapor, are either negligible or
                      small and are easily quantified. The limit of detection is
                      22 pptv (2sigma precision) for NO2 at 1 s time resolution.
                      The conversion efficiency of NO to NO2 is $99\%$ in excess
                      O3. The accuracy of the NO2 measurement is mainly limited by
                      the NO2 absorption cross section to $+/-3\%.$ Because of the
                      formation of undetectable higher nitrogen oxides in
                      subsequent reactions of NO2 with ozone in the NOx channel,
                      the (1sigma) accuracy of the NOx measurement is increased to
                      approximately $+/-5\%$ depending on the level of NOx. The
                      new instrument was designed to be easily deployed in the
                      field with respect to size, weight and consumables.
                      Measurements were validated against a
                      photolysis/chemiluminescence detector during six days of
                      sampling ambient air with colocated inlets. The data sets
                      for NO2, NO and NOx exhibit high correlation and good
                      agreement within the combined accuracies of both methods.
                      Linear fits for all three species give similar slopes of
                      0.99 in ambient air.},
      keywords     = {Air: analysis / Environmental Monitoring: instrumentation /
                      Lasers / Nitric Oxide: chemistry / Nitrogen Dioxide:
                      analysis / Spectrum Analysis: instrumentation / Nitric Oxide
                      (NLM Chemicals) / Nitrogen Dioxide (NLM Chemicals) / J
                      (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-2},
      ddc          = {050},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB791},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Engineering, Environmental / Environmental Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:19921901},
      UT           = {WOS:000270594900041},
      doi          = {10.1021/es902067h},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/6282},
}