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@ARTICLE{Reinecke:6798,
      author       = {Reinecke, E.-A. and Bentaib, A. and Kelm, S. and Jahn, W.
                      and Meynet, N. and Caroli, C.},
      title        = {{O}pen issues in the applicability of recombiner
                      experiments and modeling to reactor simulations},
      journal      = {Progress in nuclear energy},
      volume       = {52},
      issn         = {0149-1970},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-6798},
      pages        = {136 - 147},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {In the case of a severe accident in light-water reactors, a
                      large amount of hydrogen could be generated from the
                      reaction between steam and zirconium at high fuel clad
                      temperature and also from reactions of molten core debris
                      with concrete. The hydrogen generated will be released into
                      the containment atmosphere, and mixed with air and steam
                      possibly creating local flammable conditions. In order to
                      prevent loads resulting from a possible hydrogen combustion,
                      French and German reactor containments are equipped with
                      passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs), which recombine
                      hydrogen with oxygen even at concentrations below the lower
                      flammability limit. In common PAR designs, catalytic
                      materials (platinum and palladium on ceramic washcoat) are
                      housed in a metallic structure whose purpose is to optimise
                      the circulation of gases in contact with the
                      catalyst.Numerous tests have been conducted in the past to
                      investigate PAR behaviour in situations representative of
                      severe accidents (Battelle Model Containment in Germany,
                      H2PAR and KALI-H2 in France, AECL Whiteshell Laboratories in
                      Canada, etc.). Furthermore, these tests demonstrated that,
                      provided special care is paid to the design and construction
                      of the catalysts, catalyst poisoning by materials such as
                      carbon monoxide, iodine and aerosols present in the
                      containment atmosphere will not fundamentally reduce the
                      effectiveness of the PARs.Some of the above-mentioned tests
                      also show that PARs could ignite the flammable gas mixture
                      at elevated hydrogen concentrations. These experimental
                      results need however to be corroborated by more detailed
                      experiments and by refined modelling of phenomena occurring
                      in PARs. In order to better characterise the PAR-induced
                      ignition risk, a series of dedicated experiments has started
                      at the REKO-3 facility located in Forschungszentrum Julich.
                      In parallel, a refined modelling of the recombiners has been
                      developed by IRSN and will be used to gain insights into the
                      phenomena occurring at the PAR catalyst plates.Furthermore,
                      previous tests indicated that the position of the
                      recombiners could have an impact on their overall
                      efficiency. The installation of PARs in the reactor building
                      is influenced by geometric and operational constraints. To
                      this end, numerical models were developed from the
                      experimental data for codes like COCOSYS or ASTEC in order
                      to optimise the PAR location and to assess the efficiency of
                      PAR implementation in different scenarios. However, these
                      models are usually simple (black-box type) and based on the
                      manufacturer's correlation to calculate the hydrogen
                      depletion rate. Recently, enhanced CFD models have been
                      developed at IRSN and Julich in order to take into account
                      phenomena such as the PAR location effect, gas mixture
                      ignition induced by PARs, and the oxygen starvation effect.
                      A new specifically instrumented facility is also under
                      construction at Julich to investigate these phenomena in
                      more detail. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {IEF-6},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB814},
      pnm          = {Nukleare Sicherheitsforschung},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK404},
      shelfmark    = {Nuclear Science $\&$ Technology},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000273244600014},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.pnucene.2009.09.010},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/6798},
}