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@ARTICLE{Palazzi:7552,
      author       = {Palazzi, E. and Fierli, F. and Cairo, F. and Cagnazzo, C.
                      and DiDonfrancesco, G. and Manzini, E. and Ravegnani, F. and
                      Schiller, C. and D'Amato, F. and Volk, C.M.},
      title        = {{D}iagnostics of the {T}ropical {T}ropopause {L}ayer from
                      in-situ observations and {CCM} data},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {9},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-7552},
      pages        = {9349 - 9367},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {Authors acknowledge the partial support of the EC SCOUT-O3
                      Integrated Project (505390- GOCE-CT-2004). Chiara Cagnazzo
                      and Elisa Manzini acknowledge the partial support of Centro
                      Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici. The model
                      simulation were performed at ECMWF, under the Special
                      Project on Middle Atmosphere Modelling.},
      abstract     = {A suite of diagnostics is applied to in-situ aircraft
                      measurements and one Chemistry-Climate Model (CCM) data to
                      characterize the vertical structure of the Tropical
                      Tropopause Layer (TTL). The diagnostics are based on
                      vertical tracer profiles and relative vertical tracer
                      gradients, using tropopause-referenced coordinates, and
                      tracer-tracer relationships in the tropical Upper
                      Troposphere/Lower Stratosphere (UT/LS).Observations were
                      obtained during four tropical campaigns performed from 1999
                      to 2006 with the research aircraft Geophysica and have been
                      compared to the output of the ECHAM5/MESSy CCM. The model
                      vertical resolution in the TTL (similar to 500 m) allows for
                      appropriate comparison with high-resolution aircraft
                      observations and the diagnostics used highlight common TTL
                      features between the model and the observational data.The
                      analysis of the vertical profiles of water vapour, ozone,
                      and nitrous oxide, in both the observations and the model,
                      shows that concentration mixing ratios exhibit a strong
                      gradient change across the tropical tropopause, due to the
                      role of this latter as a transport barrier and that
                      transition between the tropospheric and stratospheric
                      regimes occurs within a finite layer. The use of relative
                      vertical ozone and carbon monoxide gradients, in addition to
                      the vertical profiles, helps to highlight the region where
                      this transition occurs and allows to give an estimate of its
                      thickness. The analysis of the CO-O-3 and H2O-O-3 scatter
                      plots and of the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) of
                      the H2O-O-3 pair completes this picture as it allows to
                      better distinguish tropospheric and stratospheric regimes
                      that can be identified by their different chemical
                      composition.The joint analysis and comparison of observed
                      and modelled data allows to state that the model can
                      represent the background TTL structure and its seasonal
                      variability rather accurately. The model estimate of the
                      thickness of the interface region between tropospheric and
                      stratospheric regimes agrees well with average values
                      inferred from observations. On the other hand, the
                      measurements can be influenced by regional scale
                      variability, local transport processes as well as deep
                      convection, that can not be captured by the model.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000273060200002},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/7552},
}