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@ARTICLE{Plger:7683,
      author       = {Plöger, F. and Konopka, P. and Günther, G. and Grooß,
                      J.-U. and Müller, R.},
      title        = {{I}mpact of the vertical velocity scheme on modeling
                      transport across the tropical tropopause layer},
      journal      = {Journal of Geophysical Research},
      volume       = {115},
      issn         = {0148-0227},
      address      = {Washington, DC},
      publisher    = {Union},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-7683},
      pages        = {D003301},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {Record converted from VDB: 12.11.2012},
      abstract     = {To assess the impact of the vertical velocity scheme on
                      modeling transport in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), 3
                      month backward trajectories are initialized in the TTL for
                      boreal winter and summer 2002. The calculations are done in
                      either a kinematic scenario with pressure tendency as the
                      vertical velocity or in a diabatic scenario with
                      cross-isentropic velocity deduced from various diabatic
                      heating rates due to radiation (clear sky, all sky) and
                      latent, diffusive and turbulent heating. This work provides
                      a guideline for assessing the sensitivity of trajectory and
                      chemical transport model (CTM) results on the choice of the
                      vertical velocity scheme. We find that many transport
                      characteristics, such as time scales, pathways and
                      dispersion, crucially depend on the vertical velocity
                      scheme. The strongest tropical upwelling results from the
                      operational European Centre for Medium-Range Weather
                      Forecasts kinematic scenario with the time scale for
                      ascending from 340 to 400 K of 1 month. For the ERA-Interim
                      kinematic and total diabatic scenarios, this time scale is
                      about 2 months, and for the all-sky scenario it is as long
                      as 2.5 months. In a diabatic scenario, the whole TTL
                      exhibits mean upward motion, whereas in a kinematic
                      scenario, regions of subsidence occur in the upper TTL.
                      However, some transport characteristics robustly emerge from
                      the different scenarios, such as an enhancement of residence
                      times between 350 and 380 K and a strong impact of
                      meridional in-mixing from the extratropics on the
                      composition of the TTL. Moreover, an increase of
                      meridionally transported air from the summer hemisphere into
                      the TTL (maximum for boreal summer) is found as an invariant
                      feature among all the scenarios.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000274356700001},
      doi          = {10.1029/2009JD012023},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/7683},
}