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@ARTICLE{Schiller:7885,
      author       = {Schiller, C. and Grooß, J.-U. and Konopka, P. and Plöger,
                      F. and Silva dos Santos, F.H. and Spelten, N.},
      title        = {{H}ydration and dehydration at the tropical tropopause},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics},
      volume       = {9},
      issn         = {1680-7316},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-7885},
      pages        = {9647 - 9660},
      year         = {2009},
      note         = {Discussion of the results and developing ideas of their
                      meaning with many members of the project teams of SCOUT-O3,
                      TroCCiNOx and AMMA/SCOUT-O3 is gratefully acknowledged. We
                      thank MDB, DLR and ERS-Ltd operating and managing the
                      aircraft under the challenging tropical conditions. The
                      study was primarily conducted under the SCOUT-O3 Integrated
                      Project (EC Contract GOCE-CT-2004-505390), with additional
                      campaign funding by the EC projects TroCCiNOx and AMMA as
                      well as by INSU and the Geophysica EEIG.},
      abstract     = {High-resolution water measurements from three tropical
                      airborne missions in Northern Australia, Southern Brazil and
                      West Africa in different seasons are analysed to study the
                      transport and transformation of water in the tropical
                      tropopause layer (TTL) and its impact on the stratosphere.
                      The mean profiles are quite different according to the
                      season and location of the campaigns, with lowest mixing
                      ratios below 2 ppmv at the cold point tropopause during the
                      Australian mission in November/December and high TTL mixing
                      ratios during the African measurements in August. We present
                      backward trajectory calculations considering freeze-drying
                      of the air to the minimum saturation mixing ratio and
                      initialised with climatological satellite data. This
                      trajectory-based reconstruction of water agrees well with
                      the observed H2O average profiles and therefore demonstrates
                      that the water vapour set point in the TTL is primarily
                      determined by the Lagrangian saturation history. Deep
                      convection was found to moisten the TTL, in several events
                      even above the cold point up to 420 K potential
                      temperatures. However, our study does not provide evidence
                      for a larger impact of these highly-localised events on
                      global scales.},
      keywords     = {J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {ICG-1},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)VDB790},
      pnm          = {Atmosphäre und Klima},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK406},
      shelfmark    = {Meteorology $\&$ Atmospheric Sciences},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000273060200020},
      doi          = {10.5194/acp-9-9647-2009},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/7885},
}