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@ARTICLE{Derntl:8019,
      author       = {Derntl, B. and Finkelmeyer, A. and Eickhoff, S. B. and
                      Kellermann, T. and Falkenberg, D.I. and Schneider, F. and
                      Habel, U.},
      title        = {{M}ultidimensional assessment of empathic abilities:
                      {N}eural correlates and gender differences},
      journal      = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
      volume       = {35},
      issn         = {0306-4530},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {PreJuSER-8019},
      pages        = {67 - 82},
      year         = {2010},
      note         = {Funding for this study was provided by the
                      Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (ICCR) of the
                      Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University (IZKF, TVN70 to
                      U.H.); the ICCR had no further role in study design; in the
                      collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the
                      writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the
                      paper for publication.B.D. and A.F. were supported by the
                      Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research of the
                      Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University (IZKF, TVN70 to U.H.)
                      and the International Research Training Group (IRTG 1328) of
                      the German Research Foundation (DFG). UH was further
                      supported by the DFG (KFO 112).},
      abstract     = {Empathy is a multidimensional construct and comprises the
                      ability to perceive, understand and feel the emotional
                      states of others. Gender differences have been reported for
                      various aspects of emotional and cognitive behaviors
                      including theory of mind. However, although empathy is not a
                      single ability but a complex behavioral competency including
                      different components, most studies relied on single aspects
                      of empathy, such as perspective taking or emotion
                      perception. To extend those findings we developed three
                      paradigms to assess all three core components of empathy
                      (emotion recognition, perspective taking and affective
                      responsiveness) and clarify to which extent gender affects
                      the neural correlates of empathic abilities. A functional
                      MRI study was performed with 12 females (6 during their
                      follicular phase, 6 during their luteal phase) and 12 males,
                      measuring these tasks as well as self-report empathy
                      questionnaires. Data analyses revealed no significant gender
                      differences in behavioral performance, but females rated
                      themselves as more empathic than males in the self-report
                      questionnaires. Analyses of functional data revealed
                      distinct neural networks in females and males, and females
                      showed stronger neural activation across all three empathy
                      tasks in emotion-related areas, including the amygdala.
                      Exploratory analysis of possible hormonal effects indicated
                      stronger amygdala activation in females during their
                      follicular phase supporting previous data suggesting higher
                      social sensitivity and thus facilitated socio-emotional
                      behavior. Hence, our data support the assumption that
                      females and males rely on divergent processing strategies
                      when solving emotional tasks: while females seem to recruit
                      more emotion and self-related regions, males activate more
                      cortical, rather cognitive-related areas.},
      keywords     = {Adult / Brain: physiology / Cognition: physiology / Data
                      Interpretation, Statistical / Emotions: physiology / Empathy
                      / Executive Function / Female / Humans / Image Processing,
                      Computer-Assisted / Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Male /
                      Menstruation: psychology / Nerve Net: physiology / Nervous
                      System Physiological Phenomena / Neuropsychological Tests /
                      Psychomotor Performance: physiology / Questionnaires /
                      Recognition (Psychology): physiology / Sex Characteristics /
                      Young Adult / J (WoSType)},
      cin          = {INM-2 / JARA-BRAIN},
      ddc          = {610},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)INM-2-20090406 / $I:(DE-82)080010_20140620$},
      pnm          = {Funktion und Dysfunktion des Nervensystems (FUEK409) /
                      89571 - Connectivity and Activity (POF2-89571)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-Juel1)FUEK409 / G:(DE-HGF)POF2-89571},
      shelfmark    = {Endocrinology $\&$ Metabolism / Neurosciences / Psychiatry},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      pubmed       = {pmid:19914001},
      UT           = {WOS:000273844100008},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.10.006},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/8019},
}