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@ARTICLE{Rhrens:808518,
      author       = {Röhrens, Daniel and Neumann, A. and Beez, A. and Vinke, I.
                      C. and de Haart, L.G.J. and Menzler, N. H.},
      title        = {{F}ormation of chromium containing impurities in
                      ({L}a,{S}r){M}n{O}$_{3}$ solid-oxide-fuel-cell cathodes
                      under stack operating conditions and its effect on
                      performance},
      journal      = {Ceramics international},
      volume       = {42},
      number       = {8},
      issn         = {0272-8842},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-02258},
      pages        = {9467 - 9474},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {In this study, we present an investigation of the
                      chromium-related electrical performance degradation of
                      anode-supported SOFCs with a LSM/YSZ composite cathode. A
                      traditional ferritic interconnect steel with high chromium
                      content is established as the primary chromium source and
                      chromium poisoning of the cathode is carried out at relevant
                      SOFC operating conditions. The prolonged influence of the
                      gaseous chromium species on the cell performance and cathode
                      microstructure under constant current conditions was
                      examined quantitatively. Physical deposition of
                      chromium(III) compounds (mainly spinel-type (Cr,Mn)3O4
                      phases) was observed at the electrochemically active region
                      adjacent to the electrolyte only under realistic constant
                      current conditions. The microstructural degradation
                      associated with the formation of secondary phases correlated
                      directly with the performance degradation, the effective
                      chromium partial pressure and the current density.
                      Furthermore, the influence of the presence of a number of
                      protecting layers on the interconnect steel was evaluated
                      with regard to the cathode poisoning. It was shown that
                      chromium-induced degradation was reduced drastically when an
                      additional manganese reservoir layer and a Cr getter layer
                      were applied.},
      cin          = {IEK-1 / IEK-9},
      ddc          = {670},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {135 - Fuel Cells (POF3-135) / SOFC - Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
                      (SOFC-20140602) / HITEC - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary
                      Doctoral Training in Energy and Climate Research (HITEC)
                      (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-135 / G:(DE-Juel1)SOFC-20140602 /
                      G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000374811600020},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.03.010},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/808518},
}