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@ARTICLE{Pintsuk:808661,
      author       = {Pintsuk, Gerald and Antusch, S. and Rieth, M. and Wirtz,
                      Marius},
      title        = {{M}anufacturing and {C}haracterization of {PIM}-{W}
                      {M}aterials as {P}lasma {F}acing {M}aterials},
      journal      = {Physica scripta},
      volume       = {T167},
      issn         = {0031-8949},
      address      = {Bristol},
      publisher    = {IoP Publ.},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-02294},
      pages        = {014056},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Powder injection molding (PIM) was used to produce pure and
                      particle reinforced W materials to be qualified for the use
                      as plasma facing material. As alloying elements La2O3, Y2O3,
                      TiC, and TaC were chosen with a particle size between 50 nm
                      and 2.5 μm, depending on the alloying element. The
                      fabrication of alloyed materials was done for different
                      compositions using powder mixtures. Final sintering was
                      performed in H2 atmosphere at 2400 °C resulting in plates
                      of 55 × 22 × 4 mm3 with $~98\%$ theoretical density. The
                      qualification of the materials was done via high heat flux
                      testing in the electron beam facility JUDITH-1. Thereby,
                      ELM-like 1000 thermal shock loads of 0.38 GW m−2 for 1 ms
                      and 100 disruption like loads of 1.13 GW m−2 for 1 ms at a
                      base temperature of 1000 °C were applied. The obtained
                      damage characteristics, i.e. surface roughening and crack
                      formation, were qualified versus an industrially
                      manufactured pure reference tungsten material and linked to
                      the material's microstructure and mechanical properties.},
      cin          = {IEK-2 / IEK-4},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013 / I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-4-20101013},
      pnm          = {174 - Plasma-Wall-Interaction (POF3-174)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-174},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000383504700057},
      doi          = {10.1088/0031-8949/T167/1/014056},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/808661},
}