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@ARTICLE{Bencze:808694,
      author       = {Bencze, Laszlo and Rys-Matejczuk, Malgorzata and
                      Yazhenskikh, Elena and Ziegner, Mirko and Müller, Michael},
      title        = {{I}nvestigation of {V}aporization of alkali {M}etals {F}rom
                      {S}olidified {G}asifier {S}lags by {K}nudsen {E}ffusion
                      {M}ass {S}pectrometry},
      journal      = {Energy $\&$ fuels},
      volume       = {30},
      number       = {1},
      issn         = {0887-0624},
      address      = {Columbus, Ohio},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-02321},
      pages        = {657-665},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {One problem in coal gasification is the release of alkali
                      species, which can cause fouling and corrosion. Depending on
                      their composition, slags have a high potential for alkali
                      retention. Therefore, the vapor pressures of alkali species
                      (Na, K) over four real solidified gasifier slag samples were
                      determined over the temperature range 1134 to 1591 K by
                      Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry (KEMS). In addition, the
                      residues from the KEMS investigations were studied by X-ray
                      diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope/energy
                      dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) to determine the phase
                      composition of the samples and map the alkali distribution.
                      A strong correlation between the composition of the slags in
                      terms of amount of acidic oxides (SiO2, Al2O3) and basic
                      oxides (CaO, FeO) and the volatility was determined. The
                      volatility results showed that higher acidic oxide content
                      leads to higher alkali retention capability. The XRD and
                      SEM/EDX analysis of the KEMS residues showed that an
                      anorthite type phase contains more Na than all the other
                      phases in the equilibrium.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {111 - Efficient and Flexible Power Plants (POF3-111)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-111},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000368651800071},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b01620},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/808694},
}