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@ARTICLE{BenitoAbascal:808696,
      author       = {Benito Abascal, Maria and Bläsing, Marc and Ninomiya, Y.
                      and Müller, Michael},
      title        = {{I}nfluence of {S}team, {H}ydrogen {C}hloride and
                      {H}ydrogen {S}ulphide on the {R}elease and {C}ondensation of
                      {C}admium in {G}asification},
      journal      = {Energy $\&$ fuels},
      volume       = {30},
      number       = {2},
      issn         = {0887-0624},
      address      = {Columbus, Ohio},
      publisher    = {American Chemical Society},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-02323},
      pages        = {943-953},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {The development of more efficient clean up techniques in
                      coal power plants is essential in order to reduce trace
                      metals emissions into the atmosphere. However, understanding
                      of the behavior of the trace metals during the gasification
                      process is necessary for the optimization of the hot gas
                      cleaning systems. Thereby, in this work the influence of
                      H2O, HCl, and H2S on the release and condensation behavior
                      of Cd was experimentally investigated. The experiments were
                      conducted in two different setups. The condensation behavior
                      (temperature and speciation) of the trace metal vapors was
                      investigated in a heated flow channel reactor housed in a
                      furnace with a gas cooling zone. Experiments on the release
                      of the inorganic vapors were carried out in a heated flow
                      channel reactor coupled to a molecular beam mass
                      spectrometer (MBMS) in order to analyze the gas in situ. The
                      results of the experimental investigations were compared
                      with Scheil–Gulliver cooling calculations performed by
                      FactSage 6.3. Furthermore, thermodynamic pseudoequilibrium
                      calculations were carried out to help in understanding the
                      condensation mechanisms of the trace metal cadmium and the
                      global kinetics in the experiments. The experimental results
                      showed that the main chemical species detected in the
                      condensation and release experiments were Cd, CdO, CdCl2,
                      and CdS. In general, the speciation as well as the
                      temperatures at which the species condensed and were present
                      in the gas phase in the release experiments had the same
                      trend in the calculations and in the experimental results.
                      Thus, the Scheil–Gulliver cooling model was proved to be
                      an excellent tool for the prediction of the release and
                      condensation of cadmium. With this work, a better
                      comprehension of the behavior of cadmium under gasification
                      conditions was obtained.},
      cin          = {IEK-2},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-2-20101013},
      pnm          = {111 - Efficient and Flexible Power Plants (POF3-111) /
                      HITEC - Helmholtz Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training in
                      Energy and Climate Research (HITEC) (HITEC-20170406)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-111 / G:(DE-Juel1)HITEC-20170406},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000370679000021},
      doi          = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02676},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/808696},
}