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@PHDTHESIS{Steffen:808753,
      author       = {Steffen, Alexandra},
      title        = {{S}elf-purifying {L}a$_{2/3}${S}r$_{1/3}${M}n{O}$_{3}$
                      epitaxial films: {O}bservation of surface precipitation of
                      {M}n$_{3}${O}$_{4}$ particles for excess {M}n ratios},
      volume       = {128},
      school       = {RWTH Aachen},
      type         = {Dr.},
      address      = {Jülich},
      publisher    = {Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Zentralbibliothek, Verlag},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-02374},
      isbn         = {978-3-95806-162-0},
      series       = {Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich. Reihe
                      Schlüsseltechnologien / Key Technologies},
      pages        = {154 S.},
      year         = {2016},
      note         = {RWTH Aachen, Diss., 2016},
      abstract     = {20-25 nm thin films based La$_{2/3}$Sr$_{1/3}$MnO$_{3}$
                      (LSMO) are prepared via Oxide Molecular Beam Epitaxy setup
                      (MBE). Different ways of effusion cell shutter opening
                      intervals are used to produce samples in co-deposition and
                      shuttered mode. In-situ Reflection High-Energy Electron
                      Diffraction (RHEED) intensity measurements in dependence of
                      evaporation time are performed. The RHEED intensities
                      exhibit distinct oscillations, indicating a stacking of
                      layers with a stoichiometry controlled by the shutter
                      opening times, in particular of the La$_{2/3}$Sr$_{1/3}$O
                      vs. MnO content. Inside the thin LSMO films, vertical
                      stoichiometric constant and gradient structures are
                      produced. Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) and X-Ray
                      Diffraction (XRD) exhibit the Bragg reflection sexpected for
                      epitaxial growth of the thin films. XRR analysis is in
                      agreement with the nominal layer thickness and composition.
                      To determine the magnetic layer thickness and to see whether
                      a magnetic gradient inside the structural gradient takes
                      place, Polarized Neutron Reflectometry (PNR) measurements
                      are performedand evaluated. The depth-dependent
                      magnetization behavior does not render the anticipated
                      sample structure. A combined refinement of XRR and PNR data
                      requires MnOx excess towards the surfaces in the model of
                      the scattering length density. Additional High-Resolution
                      Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) images reveal the
                      existence of pure homogeneous perovskite LSMO layers with
                      enclaved MnOx precipitates. Detailed SQUID measurements
                      indicate these particles to have a M$_{3}$O$_{4}$
                      stoichiometry. Due to the combination of different
                      experimental methods, the difference between the nominal and
                      the actual layer composition can be identified showing that
                      LSMO prefers to grow in pure La$_{2/3}$Sr$_{1/3}$MnO$_{3}$
                      perovskite phase on SrTiO$_{3}$. The observation of this
                      phase separation effect will be discussed.},
      cin          = {JCNS-2 / PGI-4 / JARA-FIT / JCNS (München) ; Jülich
                      Centre for Neutron Science JCNS (München) ; JCNS-FRM-II},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-2-20110106 / I:(DE-Juel1)PGI-4-20110106 /
                      $I:(DE-82)080009_20140620$ /
                      I:(DE-Juel1)JCNS-FRM-II-20110218},
      pnm          = {144 - Controlling Collective States (POF3-144) / 524 -
                      Controlling Collective States (POF3-524) / 6212 - Quantum
                      Condensed Matter: Magnetism, Superconductivity (POF3-621) /
                      6213 - Materials and Processes for Energy and Transport
                      Technologies (POF3-621) / 6G4 - Jülich Centre for Neutron
                      Research (JCNS) (POF3-623)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-144 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-524 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6212 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6213 /
                      G:(DE-HGF)POF3-6G4},
      experiment   = {EXP:(DE-MLZ)MARIA-20140101 / EXP:(DE-MLZ)TREFF-20140101},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)11},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/808753},
}