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@ARTICLE{Neuhaus:808934,
      author       = {Neuhaus, Kerstin and Schulze-Küppers, Falk and Baumann,
                      Stefan and Ulbrich, Gregor and Lerch, Martin and Wiemhöfer,
                      Hans-Dieter},
      title        = {{S}canning probe microscopy polarization experiments with
                      polycrystalline {C}e$_{0.8}${G}d$_{0.2 −
                      x}${P}r$_{x}${O}$_{2 − δ}$ and
                      {C}e$_{0.8}${Y}$_{0.2}${O}$_{2 − δ}$ single crystals at
                      room temperature},
      journal      = {Solid state ionics},
      volume       = {288},
      issn         = {0167-2738},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-02454},
      pages        = {325-330},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Whereas the defect chemistry of acceptor doped ceria is
                      well understood at temperatures above 300 °C, the
                      information on polarization and mixed ionic electronic
                      conduction at much lower temperatures is by far less
                      understood. By using an AFM probe first as an electron
                      conducting nanoelectrode in contact to a doped ceria sample
                      surface, a constant voltage pulse was applied to achieve a
                      local polarization with distinctly changed redox state and
                      defect concentrations. A subsequent mapping experiment used
                      the AFM as Kelvin probe to scan local work function
                      distributions on the sample surfaces in air. In this way,
                      reversible room temperature changes could be monitored in an
                      extended region around pre-polarized surface locations. For
                      a ceria single crystal (acceptor doped with 20 $mol\%$ Y), a
                      large distance zone with time-dependent surface polarization
                      was well visible with clearly monitored reversible changes
                      upon initially applied positive and negative biases. By
                      comparing results for Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9 single crystals and a
                      series of co-doped ceramic samples with composition
                      Ce0.8Gd0.2 − xPrxO2 − δ (x = 0.2, 0.09, and 0.01), the
                      role of grain boundaries as well as the effect of an
                      increasing concentration of the redox active dopant Pr3 +/4
                      + could be studied with regard to the local, near-surface
                      defect mobility and concomitant redox processes},
      cin          = {IEK-1},
      ddc          = {530},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-1-20101013},
      pnm          = {113 - Methods and Concepts for Material Development
                      (POF3-113)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-113},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000376710900063},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.ssi.2015.12.012},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/808934},
}