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@ARTICLE{Sato:808998,
      author       = {Sato, Kaoru and Tsuchiya, Chikara and Alexander, M. Joan
                      and Hoffmann, Lars},
      title        = {{C}limatology and {ENSO}-related interannual variability of
                      gravity waves in the southern hemisphere subtropical
                      stratosphere revealed by high-resolution {AIRS}
                      observations},
      journal      = {Journal of geophysical research / Atmospheres},
      volume       = {121},
      number       = {13},
      issn         = {2169-897X},
      address      = {Hoboken, NJ},
      publisher    = {Wiley},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-02485},
      pages        = {7622–7640},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {A new temperature retrieval from Atmospheric Infrared
                      Sounder with a fine horizontal resolution of 13.5 km was
                      used to examine gravity wave (GW) characteristics in the
                      austral summer at an altitude of 39 km in the subtropical
                      stratosphere over eight years from
                      2003/2004 − 2010/2011. Using an S-transform method, GW
                      components were extracted, and GW variances, horizontal
                      wavenumbers and their orientations were determined at each
                      grid point and time. Both climatology and interannual
                      variability of the GW variance were large in the subtropical
                      South Pacific. About 70 $\%$ of the interannual variation in
                      the GW variance there was regressed to El Niño-Southern
                      Oscillation (ENSO) index. The regression coefficient
                      exhibits a geographical distribution similar to that of the
                      precipitation. In contrast, the regression coefficient of
                      the GW variance to the quasi-biennial oscillation of the
                      equatorial lower stratosphere was not significant in the
                      South Pacific. These results indicate that the interannual
                      variability of GW variance in the South Pacific is
                      controlled largely by the convective activity modulated by
                      the ENSO. An interesting feature is that the GW variance is
                      maximized slightly southward of the precipitation maximum.
                      Possible mechanisms causing the latitudinal difference are
                      (1) dense distribution of islands, which effectively radiate
                      GWs with long vertical wavelengths, to the south of the
                      precipitation maximum, (2) selective excitation of southward
                      propagating GWs in the northward vertical wind shear in the
                      troposphere, and (3) southward refraction of GWs in the
                      latitudinal shear of background zonal wind in the
                      stratosphere.},
      cin          = {JSC},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)JSC-20090406},
      pnm          = {511 - Computational Science and Mathematical Methods
                      (POF3-511)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-511},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000380730500008},
      doi          = {10.1002/2015JD024462},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/808998},
}