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@ARTICLE{Nguyen:810025,
      author       = {Nguyen, G. T. T. and Erlenkamp, G. and Jäck, O. and
                      Küberl, A. and Bott, M. and Fiorani, F. and Gohlke, H. and
                      Groth, G.},
      title        = {{C}halcone-based {S}elective {I}nhibitors of a {C}4 {P}lant
                      {K}ey {E}nzyme as {N}ovel {P}otential {H}erbicides},
      journal      = {Scientific reports},
      volume       = {6},
      issn         = {2045-2322},
      address      = {London},
      publisher    = {Nature Publishing Group},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-02908},
      pages        = {27333 -},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {Weeds are a challenge for global food production due to
                      their rapidly evolving resistance against herbicides. We
                      have identified chalcones as selective inhibitors of
                      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), a key enzyme for
                      carbon fixation and biomass increase in the C4
                      photosynthetic pathway of many of the world’s most
                      damaging weeds. In contrast, many of the most important crop
                      plants use C3 photosynthesis. Here, we show that
                      2′,3′,4′,3,4-Pentahydroxychalcone
                      (IC50 = 600 nM) and 2′,3′,4′-Trihydroxychalcone
                      (IC50 = 4.2 μM) are potent inhibitors of C4 PEPC but
                      do not affect C3 PEPC at a same concentration range
                      (selectivity factor: 15–45). Binding and modeling studies
                      indicate that the active compounds bind at the same site as
                      malate/aspartate, the natural feedback inhibitors of the C4
                      pathway. At the whole plant level, both substances showed
                      pronounced growth-inhibitory effects on the C4 weed
                      Amaranthus retroflexus, while there were no measurable
                      effects on oilseed rape, a C3 plant. Growth of selected soil
                      bacteria was not affected by these substances. Our chalcone
                      compounds are the most potent and selective C4 PEPC
                      inhibitors known to date. They offer a novel approach to
                      combat C4 weeds based on a hitherto unexplored mode of
                      allosteric inhibition of a C4 plant key enzyme.},
      cin          = {IBG-2 / IBG-1},
      ddc          = {000},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-2-20101118 / I:(DE-Juel1)IBG-1-20101118},
      pnm          = {582 - Plant Science (POF3-582) / 583 - Innovative
                      Synergisms (POF3-583)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-582 / G:(DE-HGF)POF3-583},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000377127900002},
      pubmed       = {pmid:27263468},
      doi          = {10.1038/srep27333},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/810025},
}