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@ARTICLE{Schlag:810108,
      author       = {Schlag, P. and Kiendler-Scharr, A. and Blom, M. J. and
                      Canonaco, F. and Henzing, J. S. and Moerman, M. M. and
                      Prévôt, A. S. H. and Holzinger, R.},
      title        = {{A}erosol source apportionment from 1 year measurements at
                      the {CESAR} tower at {C}abauw, {NL}},
      journal      = {Atmospheric chemistry and physics / Discussions},
      volume       = {15},
      number       = {23},
      issn         = {1680-7375},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {EGU},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-02983},
      pages        = {35117 - 35155},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Intensive measurements of submicron aerosol particles and
                      their chemical composition were performed with an Aerosol
                      Chemical Speciation Monitor (ACSM) at the Cabauw
                      Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR) in
                      Cabauw, NL. The campaign lasted nearly one year from July
                      2012 to June 2013 as part of the ACTRIS project. Including
                      black carbon data an average particulate mass concentration
                      of 9.50 μg m−3 was obtained during the whole campaign
                      with dominant contributions from ammonium nitrate (45 $\%),$
                      organic aerosol (OA, 29 $\%),$ and ammonium sulfate (19
                      $\%).$ 12 exceedances of the World Health Organization (WHO)
                      PM2.5 daily mean limit (25 μg m−3) were observed at this
                      rural site using PM1 instrumentation only. Ammonium nitrate
                      and OA represented the largest contributors to total
                      particulate matter during periods of exceedance.Source
                      apportionment of OA was performed season-wise by Positive
                      Matrix Factorization (PMF) using the Multilinear Engine 2
                      (ME-2) controlled via the source finder (SoFi). Primary
                      organic aerosols were attributed mainly to traffic (8–16
                      $\%$ contribution to total OA, averaged season-wise) and
                      biomass burning (0–23 $\%).$ Secondary organic aerosols
                      (SOA, 61–84 $\%)$ dominated the organic fraction during
                      the whole campaign, particularly on days with high mass
                      loadings. A SOA factor which is attributed to humic-like
                      substances (HULIS) was identified as a highly oxidized
                      background aerosol in Cabauw. This shows the importance of
                      atmospheric ageing processes for aerosol concentration at
                      this rural site. Due to the large secondary fraction, the
                      reduction of particulate mass at this rural site is
                      challenging on a local scale.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {550},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      doi          = {10.5194/acpd-15-35117-2015},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/810108},
}