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@ARTICLE{Goris:810135,
      author       = {Goris, N. and Elbern, H.},
      title        = {{S}ingular vector-based targeted observations of chemical
                      constituents: description and first application of the
                      {EURAD}-{IM}-{SVA} v1.0},
      journal      = {Geoscientific model development},
      volume       = {8},
      number       = {12},
      issn         = {1991-9603},
      address      = {Katlenburg-Lindau},
      publisher    = {Copernicus},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-03010},
      pages        = {3929 - 3945},
      year         = {2015},
      abstract     = {Measurements of the large-dimensional chemical state of the
                      atmosphere provide only sparse snapshots of the state of the
                      system due to their typically insufficient temporal and
                      spatial density. In order to optimize the measurement
                      configurations despite those limitations, the present work
                      describes the identification of sensitive states of the
                      chemical system as optimal target areas for adaptive
                      observations. For this purpose, the technique of singular
                      vector analysis (SVA), which has proven effective for
                      targeted observations in numerical weather prediction, is
                      implemented in the EURAD-IM (EURopean Air pollution and
                      Dispersion – Inverse Model) chemical transport model,
                      yielding the EURAD-IM-SVA v1.0. Besides initial values,
                      emissions are investigated as critical simulation
                      controlling targeting variables. For both variants, singular
                      vectors are applied to determine the optimal placement for
                      observations and moreover to quantify which chemical
                      compounds have to be observed with preference. Based on
                      measurements of the airship based ZEPTER-2 campaign, the
                      EURAD-IM-SVA v1.0 has been evaluated by conducting a
                      comprehensive set of model runs involving different initial
                      states and simulation lengths. For the sake of brevity, we
                      concentrate our attention on the following chemical
                      compounds, O3, NO, NO2, HCHO, CO, HONO, and OH, and focus on
                      their influence on selected O3 profiles. Our analysis shows
                      that the optimal placement for observations of chemical
                      species is not entirely determined by mere transport and
                      mixing processes. Rather, a combination of initial chemical
                      concentrations, chemical conversions, and meteorological
                      processes determines the influence of chemical compounds and
                      regions. We furthermore demonstrate that the optimal
                      placement of observations of emission strengths is highly
                      dependent on the location of emission sources and that the
                      benefit of including emissions as target variables
                      outperforms the value of initial value optimization with
                      growing simulation length. The obtained results confirm the
                      benefit of considering both initial values and emission
                      strengths as target variables and of applying the
                      EURAD-IM-SVA v1.0 for measurement decision guidance with
                      respect to chemical compounds.},
      cin          = {IEK-8},
      ddc          = {910},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-8-20101013},
      pnm          = {243 - Tropospheric trace substances and their
                      transformation processes (POF3-243)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-243},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000367243700008},
      doi          = {10.5194/gmd-8-3929-2015},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/810135},
}