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@ARTICLE{Rakousky:810841,
      author       = {Rakousky, Christoph and Reimer, Uwe and Wippermann, Klaus
                      and Kuhri, Susanne and Carmo, Marcelo and Lüke, Wiebke and
                      Stolten, Detlef},
      title        = {{P}olymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis:
                      {R}estraining degradation in the presence of fluctuating
                      power},
      journal      = {Journal of power sources},
      volume       = {342},
      issn         = {0378-7753},
      address      = {New York, NY [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-03424},
      pages        = {38 - 47},
      year         = {2017},
      abstract     = {Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) water electrolysis
                      generates ‘green’ hydrogen when conducted with
                      electricity from renewable - but fluctuating - sources like
                      wind or solar photovoltaic. Unfortunately, the long-term
                      stability of the electrolyzer performance is still not fully
                      understood under these input power profiles. In this study,
                      we contrast the degradation behavior of our PEM water
                      electrolysis single cells that occurs under operation with
                      constant and intermittent power and derive preferable
                      operating states. For this purpose, five different current
                      density profiles are used, of which two were constant and
                      three dynamic. Cells operated at 1 A cm−2 show no
                      degradation. However, degradation was observed for the
                      remaining four profiles, all of which underwent periods of
                      high current density (2 A cm−2). Hereby, constant
                      operation at 2 A cm−2 led to the highest degradation rate
                      (194 μV h−1). Degradation can be greatly reduced when the
                      cells are operated with an intermittent profile. Current
                      density switching has a positive effect on durability, as it
                      causes reversible parts of degradation to recover and
                      results in a substantially reduced degradation per mole of
                      hydrogen produced. Two general degradation phenomena were
                      identified, a decreased anode exchange current density and
                      an increased contact resistance at the titanium porous
                      transport layer (Ti-PTL).},
      cin          = {IEK-3},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-3-20101013},
      pnm          = {134 - Electrolysis and Hydrogen (POF3-134)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-134},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000396186300006},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.11.118},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/810841},
}