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@ARTICLE{Beelen:810844,
      author       = {Beelen, H. P. G. J. and Raijmakers, L. H. J. and Donkers,
                      M. C. F. and Notten, P. H. L. and Bergveld, H. J.},
      title        = {{A} comparison and accuracy analysis of impedance-based
                      temperature estimation methods for {L}i-ion batteries},
      journal      = {Applied energy},
      volume       = {175},
      issn         = {0306-2619},
      address      = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
      publisher    = {Elsevier Science},
      reportid     = {FZJ-2016-03427},
      pages        = {128 - 140},
      year         = {2016},
      abstract     = {In order to guarantee safe and proper use of Lithium-ion
                      batteries during operation, an accurate estimate of the
                      battery temperature is of paramount importance.
                      Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) can be used to
                      estimate the battery temperature and several EIS-based
                      temperature estimation methods have been proposed in the
                      literature. In this paper, we argue that all existing
                      EIS-based methods implicitly distinguish two steps:
                      experiment design and parameter estimation. The former step
                      consists of choosing the excitation frequency and the latter
                      step consists of estimating the battery temperature based on
                      the measured impedance resulting from the chosen excitation.
                      By distinguishing these steps and by performing Monte-Carlo
                      simulations, all existing methods are compared in terms of
                      accuracy (i.e., mean-square error) of the temperature
                      estimate. The results of the comparison show that, due to
                      different choices in the two steps, significant differences
                      in accuracy of the estimate exist. More importantly, by
                      jointly selecting the parameters of the experiment-design
                      and parameter-estimation step, a more-accurate temperature
                      estimate can be obtained. In case of an unknown
                      State-of-Charge, this novel method estimates the temperature
                      with an average absolute bias of View the MathML sourceC and
                      an average standard deviation of View the MathML sourceC
                      using a single impedance measurement for the battery under
                      consideration.},
      cin          = {IEK-9},
      ddc          = {620},
      cid          = {I:(DE-Juel1)IEK-9-20110218},
      pnm          = {131 - Electrochemical Storage (POF3-131)},
      pid          = {G:(DE-HGF)POF3-131},
      typ          = {PUB:(DE-HGF)16},
      UT           = {WOS:000379370800011},
      doi          = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.04.103},
      url          = {https://juser.fz-juelich.de/record/810844},
}